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NPTE > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

diuretics: 3 types

A

loop, potassium sparing, thiazides

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2
Q

methotrexate

A

for RA

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3
Q

statins
Names:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Names: lipitor, zocor
Indications: cholesterol
Side effects: rhabdomyolisis - inc CK, tea colored pee

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4
Q

ARB blockers
Suffix:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Suffix: SARTANS
Mech: block angiotensin II receptors, decreasing BP
Indications: CHF, HTN, use if can’t tolerate ACE inhibitors
Side effects: hyperkalemia, BP sides
Considerations: dont use with diuretics for OH or potassium sparing for hyperkalemia

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5
Q

Ca channel blockers
suffix:
mech:
effects:
indications:
side effects:
ECG findings:
considerations:

A

Suffix: pines, zems, and verapamil
Mech: decrease Ca to cardiac tissue > decrease contractility
Effects: decrease HR and BP
Indications: CAD, HTN, arrhythmias
Side effects: bradycardia, venous pooling, lightheaded, dizzy, ringing in ears
ECG findings: prolonged QT
Considerations: RPE

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6
Q

potassium sparing diuretics
Suffix:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Consideration:

A

Suffix: TONE
Mech: flush out water and electrolytes while sparing potassium
Indications: CHF, HTN
Side effects: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, dehydration, gynecomastia, reflex tachycardia, decreased BP sides
Consideration: use with other drugs that have hypokalmeia, not with ARB blockers or ACE inhibitors

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7
Q

Benzodiazepines
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: stimulate GABA in CNS which in inhibitory
Name: LAMs and PAMs
Indications: muscle spasms, anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawl, acute epilepsy
Side effects: hypotonia, increase risk of falls, hallucinations, dizzy

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8
Q

antiarrhythmic + atihypertensives

A

affect BP and HR
BBs
Ca channel blockers

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9
Q

cardiac glycosides
Suffix:
Mech:
ECG changes:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Suffix: digoxin, digitoxin, digitalis
Mech: decreases HR, while increasing contractility strength and CO
ECG changes: increased PR, decreased QT
Indications: acute CHF (systolic dysfunction)
Side effects: digoxin toxicity - GI (peptic ulcer, nausea, vomit), visual disturbances (hallucinations, delirium), hyperkalemia, arrhythmias, palpitations, confusion
Considerations: only short term

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10
Q

prednisone
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: corticosteroid
Indications: respiratory/autoimmune
Side effects: osteoporosis, poor wound healing, avn, cushing syndrome

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11
Q

anticoagulants
Name:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Name: Warfarin (coumadin), heparin
Mech: decrease clotting
Indications: DVT, MI, stroke
Side effects: increased INR, lightheaded, easy bruising/bleeding, hemorrhage, hemarthrosis
Considerations: give after surgery, NEVER before

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12
Q

INR levels

A
  • can be btw 2-3 if on blood thinners
  • normal: .9-1.1
  • > 2.5 guard against falls
  • 3 hemarthrosis (joint bleeding)
  • 4 - can do ADLs
  • 6 bedrest
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13
Q

selective NSAIDS
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: block COX2 (inflammation)
Name: celebrix/celecoxib
Indications: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
Side effects: MI, stroke

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14
Q

nitrates
Name:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Name: nitroglycerin
Mech: rapid vasodilation
Indications: decrease stable angina (during activity)
Side effects: BP sides: dizzy, lightheaded, OH, headache, reflex tachycardia, venous pooling
Considerations:
- not for unstable angina (during rest)
- give 1, if no change, call 911. if improved give 2nd, 5 mins later. if all better, send home. can give up to 3. if not all better after 3, call 911.
- take laying/sitting due to immediate effects
- only for short term. can use BBs or Ca channel blockers for long term for angina
- decreases preload and afterload

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15
Q

thiazides
Suffix:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Suffix: thiazide
Mech: flush out all water and electrolytes except for CLUG (ca, lipids, uria, glucose)
Indications: HTN, CHF, edema
Side effects: hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuremia, lyperlipidemia, reflex tachycardia, decreased BP sides
Considerations: do not use with elderly or DM (increased lipids), gout (increased UREA), or renal dysfunction

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16
Q

opioid analgesics
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Mech: decreased neuronal excitability in CNS
Name: fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine hydrocodone, methadone
Indications: severe pain, antitussive (cough), post surgery
Side effects: ADDICTION, constipation, decreased SNS, slow, bradycardia,
Considerations: give 30 mins before therapy

17
Q

Bronchodilator drugs
Mech:
Names:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: beta agonist (opposite of BBs), bronchidilation, increase HR, increase BP
Names:
- beta-2 agonists: tamol, uterol, moterol
- antimuscarinic (cholinergic): pium
- corticosteroids: budesonide, prednisolone
Indications: bronchial asthma, copd
Side effects: tremrs, palpitations (inc HR), dry mouth

18
Q

phenobarbital (phenytoin)
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Indications: seizures for pts with epilepsy
Side effects: slow down, hallucinations, sedation

19
Q

cyclobenzaprine
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Name: flexaril
Indications: muscle spasms, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia
Side effects: hypotonia, increased risk of falls, dry mouth, hallucinations

20
Q

only antihypertensives

A

only affect BP
diuretics, ace inhibitors, ARB blochers

21
Q

acetaminophen
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: block sensation of pain
Name: tylenol
Indications: analgesic, antipyretic, decrease headache (NOT antiinflammatory)
- safe for pregnancy
Side effects: overuse can cause liver damage: jaundice, clay colored stool

22
Q

ACE inhibitors
Suffix:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Suffix: PRIL
Mech: inhibit ACE enzyme, which decreases BP
Indications: CHF, HTN
Side effects: dry hacking cough, hyperkalemia, BP sides, hyponatremia ( low Na)
Considerations: do not use with K sparing diuretics > hyperkalemia. Using with diuretics can cause OH

23
Q

botulinum toxin
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: works on CNS
Name: botox
Indications: decrease spasticity with CP
Side effects: hypotonia, shallow breathing, increased risk of falls

24
Q

allopurinol

A

for gout

25
Q

antiplatelets
Name:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:
Considerations:

A

Name: Aspirin, clopidogrel
Mech: decrease platelet formation
Indications: stroke, MI
Side effects: peptic ulcers, gastritis, risk of internal bleeding
Considerations: NSAIDS so can take antacid

26
Q

Loop diuretics
Suffix:
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Suffix: IDE
Mech: flush all water and electrolytes from loop of henle
Indications: CHF, HTN, edema, pulmonary edema
Side effects: reflex tachycardia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, dehydration, decreased BP sides

27
Q

beta blockers
suffix:
mech:
effects:
indications:
side effects:
ECG findings:
considerations:

A

Suffix: olol
Mech: block SNS
Effects: decrease HR and BP, bronchoconstriction
Indications: HTN, arrhythmias, CAD
Side effects: venous pooling, dizzy, lightheaded, OH, ringing of ears, bradycardia
ECG findings: long PR interval
Considerations: RPE, DO NOT use for COPD, or asthma, no abrupt withdrawl

28
Q

lyrica

A

for neuropathy

29
Q

Baclofen
Mech:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: decerase muscle spasticity seen with SC lesions
Indications: MS, stroke
Side effects: hypotonia, increased risk of falls, hallucinations, shallow breathing

30
Q

antibacterial drugs
Mech:
Names:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: treat bacterial infections
Names: penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomyecin, gentamicin
Indications: treat bacterial infections
Side effects: hypersensitivity (skin rash), ototoxicity (bppv), gi disturbances

31
Q

nonselective NSAIDS
Mech:
Name:
Indications:
Side effects:

A

Mech: block COX 2 (inflammation) and CX1 (GI health)
Name: aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen
Indications: antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory
Side effects: gastritis, peptic ulcer, internal bleeding, nausea, vomitting

NPTE (60 decks)

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