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NPTE > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Conduction system of heart

A

AV node> SA node > AV bundle > L and R bundle branches > perkinje fibers > ventricle walls

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2
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker, initiates depolarization

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3
Q

atrioventricular node

A

-brief delay to allow for ventricular filling
- passes depolarization to ventricles

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4
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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5
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization
(with atrial repolarization within)

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6
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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7
Q

Perkinje fibers

A

throughout ventricles
- if problem with perkinje fibers - will affect Q

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8
Q

PR interval

A

from start to end of P (before Q starts)

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9
Q

QT interval

A

from start of Q to end of T

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10
Q

rate

A

How fast atria and ventricles are contracting

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11
Q

rhythm

A

how atria and ventricles are communicating
- P-R interval
- ex AV block

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12
Q

axis

A

flat line
- ST segment
- how much waves go up and down from
- could indicate ischemia or infarction

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13
Q

how to calculate heart rate from ECG

A
  • always 6 second strip
  • multiply R waves by 10
  • if more boxes, count off 30 large boxes=6 seconds
  • each large box = .2 seconds
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14
Q

1st degree heart block

A

-delay in conduction
-PR interval >.2 seconds (1 box)
- benign, can be in athletes with increased vagal tone
- each P followed by QRS
- continue exercise

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15
Q

2nd degree heart block
Type 1

A
  • partially blocked conduction
  • monitor and continue with lower intensity
  • Mobitz type 1 aka Weckenbach
  • pattern of increased PR until dropped QRS
  • disease of AV node
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16
Q

2nd degree heart block, type 2

A

Mobitz type 2
- no pattern
- normal PR and then QRS randomly dropped
- stop exercise, NOT emergency
- disease of perkinje fibers and bundle of his

17
Q

3rd degree heart block

A

-fully blocked conduction
- atrium and ventricles doing their own thing - no communication/relationship
- PR constantly changing
- QRS looks wide and bizzare
- EMERGENCY call 911
- need pacemaker

18
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

decreased blood supply
- ST segment DEPRESSED or inverted T wave
-

19
Q

myocardial infarction

A
  • complete occlusion of blood supply and cell death
  • ST segment elevation
20
Q

Bruce stress test

A

treadmill keeps increasing until cant go anymore

21
Q

supraventricular arrhythmias
types

A

aka atrial arrhythmias
- premature atrial contraction
- atrial tachycardia
- atrial flutter
-atrial fibrillation
- none are emergencies

22
Q

premature atrial contraction

A

P overlaps with T
- look for little bump in T wave
- not issue
- monitor and continue at lower intensity

23
Q

atrial tachycardia

A

aka supraventricular tachycardia
- atria contracts 3 mini times before ventricles contract
- T and P overlap - appear as 1
- atrial rate 100-250bpm
- monitor and continue at lower intensity

24
Q

Atrial flutter

A

atria beats almost 5-6x faster than ventricles
- aka sawtooth appearance
- 250-300bpm
- stop exercise if sxs
- if no sxs, monitor and continue at lower intensity

25
Q

atrial fibrillation

A
  • atria trying to beat so fast to keep up with ventricles
  • quivvering P wave
  • atrial rate: 400-600bpm
  • stop exercise
26
Q

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

A
  • heartbeat is initiated by purkinje fibers - skipped beat or palpitations
  • ventricles contract before atria
  • no P
  • wide bizzare QRS
27
Q

bigeminy PVC

A

1 normal beat, then 1 PVC
- not an issue

28
Q

trigeminy PVC

A

1 PVC, followed by 2 normal beats
- not an issue

29
Q

multifocal PVC

A
  • > 1 PVC present
  • the PVCs dont appear similar in configuration
  • STOP exercise and immediately call 911
30
Q

couplet PVC

A
  • 2 consecutive PVCs together with no normal beat between them
  • STOP exercise
31
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

3 or more PVC in a row
STOP and call 911
- aka v flutter
- can progress to vFib
- can turn upside down and will look the same

32
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

irregular zigzag
- nothing identifiable

33
Q

stop and call 911:

A
  • 3rd degee AV block
  • ST depression >2mm
  • ST elevation >1mm
  • > 6 PVCs in 1 min
  • 2+ couplets/min
  • 3+ pvc in a row=V tach
  • multifocal PVC
  • V fib

NPTE (53 decks)

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