Renal System Flashcards
Anuria
Urine output of <100mL per day
Arteriovenous fistula definition
Surgical creation of an anastomosis of a fistula between an artery and vein.
Azotemia
Retention of nitrogenous wast products in the blood
Disequilibrium syndrome
Rapid change in the composition of ECF that occurs during dialysis. Solutes are removed from the blood faster than from the CSF pulling fluid into the brain causing cerebral edema.
Nephrolithiasis
Formation of kidney stones.
Oliguria
<400mL of urine output per day
Urolithiasis
Formation of urinary stones.
Definition of Serum Creatinine
An end product of protein and muscle metabolism which reflects GFR and is an indicator of kidney disease when elevated.
Normal serum creatinine level
0.6-1.3
Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen Level
8-25
Normal serum uric acid
2.5-8.0
Definition of Blood Urea Nitrogen
Indicates renal clearance of nitrogenous waste products.
Factors which affect BUN
- Dehydration
- Poor renal perfusion
- High protein diet
- Stress
- Infection
- GI bleeding
- Muscle breakdown
Specific gravity of urine - lab value
1.016-1.022
Specific gravity of urine - what it tells you
Measures the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. Increase indicates dehydration, decreased renal perfusion or increased ADH.
Creatinine clearance test
Evaluates how well the kidneys remove creatinine from the blood. Involves taking a blood sample and timed urine sample. Provides the best estimate of GFR.
Normal GFR Rate
125 ml/min
Acute Kidney Injury
Rapid loss of kidney function from renal cell damage. Can be pre-renal, intra-renal or post renal.
Phases of AKI
- Onset
- Oliguric phase (Increase in BUN and SC levels, decrease in SG, GFR and creatinine clearance)
- Diuretic phase (gradual decrease in BUN and SC, low CC and slight increase in GFR)
- Recovery phase (increase GFR and stabilization of BUN and SC).
CKI - at risk
GFR >90 ml/min
CKI - Mild
GFR 60-89 ml/min
CKI - Moderate
GFR 30-59 ml/min
CKI - Severe
GFR 15-29 ml/min
CKI - End Stage
GFR <15 ml/min
CKI - diet
- Low protein
- High carb
- Low K
- High Phosphate