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NCLEX > Cardiovascular Meds > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Meds Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of Anticoagulants

A

Prevent clot formation and thromboembolism.

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2
Q

Normal aPTT

A

20-36 seconds

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3
Q

Heparin sodium

A

Anticoagulant. Therapeutic at 1.5 to 2.5 the normal aPTT time

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4
Q

Warfarin sodium

A

Anticoagulant. Suppresses coagulation by acting as a vitamin k agonist and suppressing 4 clotting factors.
PT is 1.5-2 times the normal value.
INR is 2-3 or 4-5 for patients on warfarin.

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5
Q

Normal INR

A

1.3-2.0

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6
Q

Normal PT

A

9.5-11.5 seconds

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7
Q

Function of Thrombolytic medications & used to treat what

A

Used to dissolve clots. Can be used to treat MI within 4-6 hours of occurrence. Also used to treat PE and DVT.

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8
Q

Function of Anti-platelet medications

A

Inhibit the aggregation of platelets thereby increasing clotting time.

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9
Q

Types of anti-platelet medications

A

Aspirin & clopidogrel

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10
Q

Types of positive inotropic and cardiotonic meds

A

Dopamine, dobuatmine

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11
Q

Function of positive inotropic and cardiotonic meds

A

Stimulate myocardial contractility

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12
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

Inhibit the Na/K pump and causing the heart to contract more efficiently, increased the force of contracting and reduces the heart rate.

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13
Q

Type of cardiac glycosides

A

Digoxin

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14
Q

Digoxin therapeutic range

A

0.5-2.0. If >2.0 then toxicity.

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15
Q

Anti-hypertensive medications

A

Diuretics. Affect Na+ and H20 reabsorption in the kidneys.

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16
Q

ACE Inhibitor functions

A

Prevent peripheral vasoconstriction thereby reducing blood pressure.

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17
Q

Types of ACE Inhibitors

A

Ramipril

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18
Q

Beta blocker functions

A

Block the release of catecholamines - epinephrine and norephiepherine to reduce heart rate and blood pressure.

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19
Q

Types of beta blockers

A

Propranolol, bisoprolol, atenolol.

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20
Q

Calcium channel blockers function

A

Promote vasodilation of coronary and peripheral vessels.

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21
Q

Types of calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodopine, verapamil

22
Q

Peripheral vasodilator - function

A

Reduce peripheral resistance by dilating arteries and veins increasing blood flow to extremities.

23
Q

Antilipemic medications

A

Reduce cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL

24
Q

Types of antilipemic medications

A

Atorvastatin, simvastatin

25
Q

Heparin sodium - type of med

A

anticoagulant

26
Q

Warfarin - type of med

A

anticoagulant

27
Q

Aspirin - type of med

A

anti platelet

28
Q

Clopidogrel - type of med

A

anti platelet

29
Q

Dopamine - type of med

A

Positive inotropic

30
Q

Diuretics - type of med

A

anti-hypertensive

31
Q

Ramipril - type of med

A

ACE inhibitor

32
Q

Propranolol - type of med

A

Beta blocker

33
Q

Bisoprolol - type of med

A

Beta blocker

34
Q

Amlodipine - type of med

A

Calcium channel blocker

35
Q

Atorvistatin - type of med

A

cholesterol

36
Q

Simvastatin

A

cholesterol

37
Q

Symptoms of digoxin toxicity

A
  1. GI (n&v, diarrhea,)
  2. Anorexia
  3. headache
  4. visual disturbances
38
Q

Irbesartan

A

Treats hypertension

39
Q

Prazocin

A

Anti-hypertensive

40
Q

Moexipril & Captopril - when to take

A

1 hour before meals

41
Q

What bloods should you monitor on a patient taking statins?

A

CBC

42
Q

Verapamil - what type of drug

A

Calcium channel blocker

43
Q

Side effect of verapamil

A

constipation

44
Q

Major side effect of spironolactone

A

Hyperkalemia (potassium sparing diuretic)

45
Q

Prior to administering beta blockers check the patient’s….

A

apical heart rate

46
Q

Beta blockers can induce

A

bronchospasm

47
Q

Thiazide side effects

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Hyperglycemia
  3. Hypercalcemia
  4. Hyperuricemia
48
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

49
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vitamin K

50
Q

Thrombolytic antidote

A

Aminocaproic acid

51
Q

Side effects of Beta blockers

A
  1. dizziness
  2. nausea
  3. diaphoresis
  4. headache
  5. cold extremities
  6. fatigue
  7. constipation or diarrhea.

Occasional side effects include insomnia, flatulence, urinary frequency, and impotence or decreased libido

52
Q

If a patient is on thyroid medication, how does this affect their warfarin prescription?

A

The amount of warfarin prescribed should be reduced.

NCLEX (48 decks)

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