Pediatric - Metabolic, Endocrine, GI Flashcards
Fever
Temperature over 100.4
Phenylketonuria
Genetic disorder resulting in CNS damage from toxic levels of phenylalanine in the blood.
Normal phenylalanine levels in newborn
1.2-3.4 mg/dL
Normal phenylalanine levels in child
0.8-1.8 mg/dL
Adult blood phenylalanine level
20 mg/dL
Signs and symptoms of Phenylketonuria
- Digestive problems & vomiting
- Seizures
- Urine has musty odor
- Mental retardation
Interventions for Phenylketonuria
- Two positive tests to diagnose
- Restrict intake of phenylalaine containing foods (meat and dairy products)
- Monitor physical, neurological and intellectual development
- arrange for follow up treatment
Normal blood glucose level
70-100 mg/dL
Insulin and illness
Insulin needs increase during illness, infection and stress.
Hypoglycemia
Blood glucose below 70.
Hyperglycemia
Blood glucose above 200
Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Fatigue
- Tremors
- Hunger
- Headache
- Nausea
- Slurred speech
- Confusion
- Anxiety
Signs of Hyperglycemia
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Blurred vision
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Syncope
Interventions for cleft palate
- Assess ability to suck, swallow, and breathe without distress
- Assess intake
- Monitor daily weight
- Modified feeding technique –> feed slowly with periods of rest, place food to the back and side of the mouth
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Back flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Hypertrophy of the circular muscles of the pylorus causing narrowing of the pyloric canal between the stomach and duodenum.
Symptoms of Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
- Vomiting which progresses from mild to forceful
2. Vomitus contains stomach contents with no bile.
Intervention for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Pylormyotomy - incision through the muscle of the pylorus which may be done laparoscopically.
People with Celiac disease must avoid
- Wheat
- Rye
- Barley
- Oats
Hitchsprung’s Disease
Absence of ganglion cells in the rectum resulting in obstruction of the bowel due to ineffective mobility.
Symptoms of Hitchsprung’s disease
- failure of newborns to pass myconium stool
- children fail to gain weight
- abdo distention
- diarrhea constipation
- pellet like or ribbon like foul smelling stools
Intussusception
Telescoping of one part of the bowel into another resulting in the inability to pass intestinal contents.
Symptoms of intussusception
- Abdo pain
- Vomiting gastric contents and bile stained fecal emesis.
- Passing currant jelly-like stools containing blood and mucous
Intervention for Intussusception
Hydrostatic reduction - Fluid or air is used to exert pressure on the area to lessen or eliminate the prolapse.