Immune Disorders Flashcards
Humoral response
Immediate response that provides protection against rapidly developing bacterial and viral infections.
Cellular response
Delayed response against slowly developing bacterial infections.
Anti-nuclear Antibody Titer
Blood test used to diagnose rheumatic diseases and certain autoimmune diseases.
Negative <70
Borderline 70-200
Positive 200+
Nursing priorities for anaphylaxis
- Assess and maintain airway
- Call HCP or rapid response team
- Administer O2
- Start an IV line and infuse normal saline
- Prepare to administer benadryl and epinephrine
- Document the situation
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis
- headache
- dizziness
- paresthesia
- pruritus
- angioedema
- wheezing
- stridor
- dyspnea
- hypotension
- dysrhythmias
- tachycardia
- cardiac arrest
Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease that can cause major organs and system to fail. Connective tissue and fibrin deposits collect in blood vessels and organs. Deposits lead to necrosis and inflammation of blood vessels, lymph nodes, GI tract and pleura.
Symptoms of Lupus
- Erythema of the face
- Dry, scaly raised rash
- Fever
- Weakness and malaise
- Anorexia
- Photosensistivity
- Anemia
- Joint pain
- Increased ESR
- Postive ANA test
Treatment for Lupus
- Avoid sunlight
- Monitor kidney and liver function (SC and BUN)
- Fluid balance
- Monitor for anemia and bruising.
Scleroderma
Chronic connective tissue disease that is characterized by inflammation, hardening and tightening of skin and connective tissue. Affects skin, esophagus, heart, lungs, kidneys and GI tract.
Signs and symptoms of scleroderma
- Stiffness
- muscle weakness
- pitting edema
- taught, shiny skin
- hard, thick, tight skin
- dysphagia
- Inability to perform ADLs
Treatment for scleroderma
Aims for remission and to slow disease process. Small frequent meals, no caffeine or spicy foods, sit upright for 1-2 hours after meals, corticosteriods for inflammation.
Polyarteritis nodosa
Form of systemic vasculitis causing inflammation of the arteries in the visceral organs brain, and skin. Death most often due to renal and cardiac disorders.
Treatment for polyarteritis nodosa
Corticosteroids, analgesics.
Pemphigus
Group of skin disorders causing sores and blisters on the skin and mucous membranes.
Symptoms of pemphigus
- fragile lesions that bleed, weep, and crust
- debilitation
- pain
- malaise
- dysphagia
- foul smelling discharge
- Nikolsky’s sign - separation of epidermis by rubbing the skin.
Treatment for pemphigus
- soothing baths
- topical and systemic antibiotics
- corticosteroids
- cytotoxic agents
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Autoimmune disease where people develop substances that attack respiratory alveoli and renal glomeruli. Most common in males and young adults that smoke
Signs and symptoms of Goodpasture’s syndrome
- SOB
- Hemoptysis
- Decreased urine output
- Edema and weight gain
- Hypertension and tachycardia
Treatment for Goodpasture’s syndrome
- corticosteroids
2. filtration of palm to remove proteins and autoantibodies
3 Stages of Lyme disease
- Red pimple or ring, flu-like symptoms (headache, stiff neck, muscle aches, fatigue)
- Joint pain, neurological and cardiac complications
- Large joint involvement, arthritis progresses
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Skin lesions that occur in those with a compromised immune system. Slow growing tumor that appears raised, oblong, purplish, or reddish-brown lesions. Involves lymph nodes, lungs and GI tract.
Secondary immunodeficiency
Immunosuppression caused by the use of therapeutic agents.
