GI Medications

Question 1

Antacids

Answer 1

Reduce acidity in the stomach by reacting with gastric acid. For maximum effect pH should be elevated to 7.5.

Question 2

Gastric protectants

Answer 2

Reduce acid secretions and/or create a protective stomach barrier.

Question 3

H-receptor agonists

Answer 3

Suppress secretion of gastric acids, prevent stress ulcers and promote healing.

Use with caution in patients with impaired hepatic and renal function.

Question 4

Cimetidine

Answer 4

H-receptor agonist. Crosses the blood-brain barrier and can cause confusion.

Interferes with antacids and should be administered at least 1 hour apart.

Increases the affects of warfarin, lidocaine, dilantin and theophylline.

Question 5

Sucralfate

Answer 5

Gastric protectant. Creates a protective barrier in the stomach agains acid and pepsin.

Interferes with the absorption of warfarin, dilantin, digoxin and some antibiotics.

Administer 2 hours apart from other medications.

Question 6

Misopropolol (cytotec)

Answer 6

Anti-secretory medication with enhances mucosal defenders. Maintains mucosal blood flow by promoting vasodilation.

Question 7

Ranitidine

Answer 7

H-receptor agonist. AKA Zantac. Can be oral IV or IM.

Question 8

Famotidine

Answer 8

H-receptor agonist. AKA Pepsid.

Question 9

Proton-pump inhibitors

Answer 9

Suppress acid secretion in the stomach but can cause nausea, headache, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Question 10

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer 10

Treated with triple or quadruple antibiotic therapy. The aim is to treat the infection and stop acid production in the stomach.

Question 11

Hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 11

Decline in brain function as a result of severe liver disease. The liver cannot adequately remove toxins in the blood. Treated with lactulose which promotes increased peristalsis and expulsion of ammonia from the colon.

Question 12

Pancreatic enzyme replacement

Answer 12

Replaces pancreatic enzymes. Should be administered with all meals ands snacks. Includes pancreatin and pancrelipase.

Question 13

Treatment for IBD

Answer 13

1. Antimicrobials - treat infection
2. 5-aminosalicylates - reduce GI inflammation
3. Corticosteroids - anti-inflammatory
4. Immunosuppressants - used in patients not responsive to other treatments (can cause pancreatitis and neutropenia)
5. Immunomodulators - modulate the immune response to induce and retain remission

Question 14

Antimicrobials

Answer 14

Treat infection

Question 15

5-aminosalicylates

Answer 15

Reduce GI infllamtion

Question 16

Corticosteriods

Answer 16

Reduce inflammation

Question 17

Immunosuppressants

Answer 17

Reduce immune response (can cause pancreatitis and neutropenia)

Question 18

Immunomodulators

Answer 18

Modulate the immune response to induce and retain remission.

Question 19

Humira

Answer 19

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

Question 20

Cimzia

Answer 20

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

Question 21

Inflixamib (Remicade)

Answer 21

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

Question 22

Azothiaprine

Answer 22

Immunosuppressant

Question 23

Cyclosporine

Answer 23

Immunosuppressant

Question 24

Prednisone

Answer 24

Corticosteriod

Question 25

Sulfasalazine

Answer 25

Antimicrobial

Question 26

Balsalazide

Answer 26

Antimicrobial

Question 27

Metoclopramide

Answer 27

Pro kinetic agent which treats GERD and paralytic ileum. Stimulates upper GI tract motility, increased gastric emptying without increased gastric, binary or pancreatic secretions. Administer 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime. Can cause restlessness, drowsiness and insomnia.

Question 28

IBS Treatment

Answer 28

Normally treated with anti-spasmodics.

Question 29

Alosteron (Lotronex)

Answer 29

Used to treat severe IBS.

Question 30

Lubipostone (Amities)

Answer 30

Used to treat IBS. Increases intestinal motility and stool passage.

Question 31

Ondansetron

Answer 31

Treats nausea and vomiting

Question 32

Steatorrhea

Answer 32

Fatty stools

Question 33

Esomeprasole (nexium)

Answer 33

PPI

Question 34

Lansoprasole (prevacid)

Answer 34

PPI

Question 35

Omeprazole (prilosec)

Answer 35

PPI

Question 36

Pantoprazole (protonix)

Answer 36

PPI

Question 37

Reabeprazole (aciphex)

Answer 37

PPI

Question 38

Treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections

Answer 38

Triple therapy: - esomeprazole (nexium) - amoxicillin (amoxil) - clarithrymyacin (biaxin) Quadruple Therapy - esomeprazole (nexium) OR ranitidine (zantac) - metronidazole (flagyl) - tetracycline - bismuth subsalicylate

Question 39

Azathioprine

Answer 39

Immunosuppressant

Question 40

Cyclosporine

Answer 40

Immunosuppressant

Question 41

Mercaptopurine

Answer 41

Immunosuppressant