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NCLEX > GI Medications > Flashcards

GI Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Antacids

A

Reduce acidity in the stomach by reacting with gastric acid. For maximum effect pH should be elevated to 7.5.

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2
Q

Gastric protectants

A

Reduce acid secretions and/or create a protective stomach barrier.

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3
Q

H-receptor agonists

A

Suppress secretion of gastric acids, prevent stress ulcers and promote healing.

Use with caution in patients with impaired hepatic and renal function.

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4
Q

Cimetidine

A

H-receptor agonist. Crosses the blood-brain barrier and can cause confusion.

Interferes with antacids and should be administered at least 1 hour apart.

Increases the affects of warfarin, lidocaine, dilantin and theophylline.

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5
Q

Sucralfate

A

Gastric protectant. Creates a protective barrier in the stomach agains acid and pepsin.

Interferes with the absorption of warfarin, dilantin, digoxin and some antibiotics.

Administer 2 hours apart from other medications.

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6
Q

Misopropolol (cytotec)

A

Anti-secretory medication with enhances mucosal defenders. Maintains mucosal blood flow by promoting vasodilation.

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7
Q

Ranitidine

A

H-receptor agonist. AKA Zantac. Can be oral IV or IM.

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8
Q

Famotidine

A

H-receptor agonist. AKA Pepsid.

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9
Q

Proton-pump inhibitors

A

Suppress acid secretion in the stomach but can cause nausea, headache, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

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10
Q

Helicobacter pylori infection

A

Treated with triple or quadruple antibiotic therapy. The aim is to treat the infection and stop acid production in the stomach.

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11
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A

Decline in brain function as a result of severe liver disease. The liver cannot adequately remove toxins in the blood. Treated with lactulose which promotes increased peristalsis and expulsion of ammonia from the colon.

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12
Q

Pancreatic enzyme replacement

A

Replaces pancreatic enzymes. Should be administered with all meals ands snacks. Includes pancreatin and pancrelipase.

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13
Q

Treatment for IBD

A
  1. Antimicrobials - treat infection
  2. 5-aminosalicylates - reduce GI inflammation
  3. Corticosteroids - anti-inflammatory
  4. Immunosuppressants - used in patients not responsive to other treatments (can cause pancreatitis and neutropenia)
  5. Immunomodulators - modulate the immune response to induce and retain remission
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14
Q

Antimicrobials

A

Treat infection

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15
Q

5-aminosalicylates

A

Reduce GI infllamtion

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16
Q

Corticosteriods

A

Reduce inflammation

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17
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

Reduce immune response (can cause pancreatitis and neutropenia)

18
Q

Immunomodulators

A

Modulate the immune response to induce and retain remission.

19
Q

Humira

A

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

20
Q

Cimzia

A

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

21
Q

Inflixamib (Remicade)

A

Immunomodulator used in the treatment of IBD

22
Q

Azothiaprine

A

Immunosuppressant

23
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppressant

24
Q

Prednisone

A

Corticosteriod

25
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Antimicrobial

26
Q

Balsalazide

A

Antimicrobial

27
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Pro kinetic agent which treats GERD and paralytic ileum. Stimulates upper GI tract motility, increased gastric emptying without increased gastric, binary or pancreatic secretions.

Administer 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime.

Can cause restlessness, drowsiness and insomnia.

28
Q

IBS Treatment

A

Normally treated with anti-spasmodics.

29
Q

Alosteron (Lotronex)

A

Used to treat severe IBS.

30
Q

Lubipostone (Amities)

A

Used to treat IBS. Increases intestinal motility and stool passage.

31
Q

Ondansetron

A

Treats nausea and vomiting

32
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fatty stools

33
Q

Esomeprasole (nexium)

A

PPI

34
Q

Lansoprasole (prevacid)

A

PPI

35
Q

Omeprazole (prilosec)

A

PPI

36
Q

Pantoprazole (protonix)

A

PPI

37
Q

Reabeprazole (aciphex)

A

PPI

38
Q

Treatments for Helicobacter pylori infections

A

Triple therapy:

  • esomeprazole (nexium)
  • amoxicillin (amoxil)
  • clarithrymyacin (biaxin)

Quadruple Therapy

  • esomeprazole (nexium) OR ranitidine (zantac)
  • metronidazole (flagyl)
  • tetracycline
  • bismuth subsalicylate
39
Q

Azathioprine

A

Immunosuppressant

40
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Immunosuppressant

41
Q

Mercaptopurine

A

Immunosuppressant

NCLEX (48 decks)

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