Nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Preferred energy source
Fats
Concentrated energy source
Proteins
Made up of amino acids, critical to growth and development of body tissues.
Build and repair, regulate fluid balance, acid/base balance, produce antibodies, provide energy, produce enzymes and hormones.
Vitamins
Facilitate the metabolism of fate, protein and carbs. Catalyst for metabolic function.
Fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
Stored in the body, can be toxic if levels are too high.
Water soluble vitamins
B & C
Excess are excreted in the urine.
Minerals
Components of hormones, cells, tissues & bone.
Catalyst for chemical reactions.
Electrolytes play a major role in osmolality, water regulation, acid/base, enzyme and neuromuscular activity.
Mechanical Diet
Foods mechanically altered in texture to require minimal chewing.
Mechanical diet is for which patients
Those with: dysphagia, dental problems, head or neck injury or surgery.
Low residue, low fiber diet - Foods
White bread Refined and cooked cereals White rice Potatoes with no skin Refined pasta
Low residue, low fiber diet - Patients
Those with inflammatory bowel disease, partial obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, etc.
High residue, high fiber diet & foods
Adds volume and weight to the stool increasing the movement of undigested material through the intestines.
includes fruit, veg and whole grains
High residue, high fiber diet - patients
IBS, constipation, and asymptomatic diverticular disease.
Cardiac Diet
Reduces the amount of ingested fat. For patients with atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, MI, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure.
Fat restricted diet
Used to reduce the symptoms of abdo pain, steatorrhea, flatulence.
For patients with malabsorption disorders, pancreatic and gallbladder disease, and GERD.
Protein restricted diet
For patients with liver and kidney disease. Aims to provide enough protein to meet nutritional needs but not an amount that will allow a buildup of waste products.
Renal diet
Used for patients with AKI, CKD and those on dialysis. Provides controlled amounts of protein, NA, Ph, Ca, K and fluid restriction.
Potassium Modified Diet
For patients with hyperkalemia. Low potassium foods include:
- applesauce
- green beans
- cooked summer squash
- cooked turnip greens
- raspberries
- pineapple
- blueberries
- lettuce
- peppers
Where is vitamin B12 found?
Only in animal products. Not suitable for vegans.
Foods high in phosphates
- fish
- milk products
- eggs
- vegetables
- whole grains
- carbonated beverages
Foods high in iron
- red meat
- organ meat
- kale
- molasses
- oysters
- kidney beans
- whole wheat bread
- eggs
- spinach
- raisins
- apricots
- turnip
- beet greens
- carrots
Foods high in protein
- milk
- cottage cheese
- peanut butter
Butter
Vitamin A
Green leafy veg
Vitamin A
Milk
Vitamin D
Eggs
Vitamin B
Tomato
Vitamin C
Potato
Vitamin C
Grain
Vitamin B
Foods high in calcium
- plain yogurt
- seafood
- dairy products
- green veg
- sardines
- cereals
- calcium enriched OJ
Gemfibrozil
Lipid lowering agent
Foods high in Niacin
- milk
- meat
- eggs
- ## dairy
Ascorbic Acid
- tomatoes
- strawberries
- potatoes
