Nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Preferred energy source
Fats
Concentrated energy source
Proteins
Made up of amino acids, critical to growth and development of body tissues.
Build and repair, regulate fluid balance, acid/base balance, produce antibodies, provide energy, produce enzymes and hormones.
Vitamins
Facilitate the metabolism of fate, protein and carbs. Catalyst for metabolic function.
Fat soluble vitamins
A D E K
Stored in the body, can be toxic if levels are too high.
Water soluble vitamins
B & C
Excess are excreted in the urine.
Minerals
Components of hormones, cells, tissues & bone.
Catalyst for chemical reactions.
Electrolytes play a major role in osmolality, water regulation, acid/base, enzyme and neuromuscular activity.
Mechanical Diet
Foods mechanically altered in texture to require minimal chewing.
Mechanical diet is for which patients
Those with: dysphagia, dental problems, head or neck injury or surgery.
Low residue, low fiber diet - Foods
White bread Refined and cooked cereals White rice Potatoes with no skin Refined pasta
Low residue, low fiber diet - Patients
Those with inflammatory bowel disease, partial obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, etc.
High residue, high fiber diet & foods
Adds volume and weight to the stool increasing the movement of undigested material through the intestines.
includes fruit, veg and whole grains
High residue, high fiber diet - patients
IBS, constipation, and asymptomatic diverticular disease.
Cardiac Diet
Reduces the amount of ingested fat. For patients with atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, MI, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure.
Fat restricted diet
Used to reduce the symptoms of abdo pain, steatorrhea, flatulence.
For patients with malabsorption disorders, pancreatic and gallbladder disease, and GERD.
