IV Therapy

Question 1

Isotonic Solution

Answer 1

Has the same osmolality as body fluids. Administration increases ECF, no shift between ECF and ICF due to osmotic pressure.

0.9% normal saline

Question 2

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 2

Lower osmolality than body fluids. Administration moves water into cells from ECF by osmosis. Can cause cellular edema.

0.45% or 0.225% normal saline

Question 3

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 3

Higher osmolality than body fluids. Administration causes water to move out of cells into the ECF.

3% normal saline (or more) or 5% dextrose.

Question 4

Colloids

Answer 4

Pulls fluid from interstitial compartment into the vascular space. Used to treat hypovolemia.

Dextran, albumin

Question 5

Cannula Size - Rapid/Emergency infusion

Answer 5

14, 16, 18, 19 gauge

Question 6

Cannula Size - Lipids

Answer 6

20 or 21 gauge

Question 7

Cannula Size - Standard

Answer 7

22 or 24 gauge

Question 8

Cannula Size - Small Veins

Answer 8

24 or 25 gauge

Question 9

Central Venous Catheters

Answer 9

Used to administer hyperosmolar solutions, measure central venous pressure, infuse parenteral nutrition or multiple medications/solutions. Can be single, double or triple lumen.

Question 10

Tunneled Central Venous Catheter

Answer 10

More permanent type of catheter (i.e.. Hickman) used for long term IV therapy. Inserted in OR, single or multi lumen, inserted into superior vena cava in right atrium.

Question 11

Vascular access ports

Answer 11

Surgically implanted under the skin, access port is under the skin and has one way injection valve.

Question 12

PICC Line

Answer 12

Used for in home IV therapy

Question 13

Epidural Catheter

Answer 13

Inserted into the epidural space for IV administration of analgesics. Aspirated before use to check for blood.