Renal Disease

Question 1

Describe the common signs/symptoms of kidney disease

Answer 1

• reduced urine output (anuria vs oliguria)
• changes in urine color
• HTN
• hx diabetes

PLUS sxs of uremia
- weakness
- fatigue
- anorexia
- nausea
- metallic taste in mouth
- dry, itchy skin
- confusion

Question 2

What is the initial testing related to kidney disease

Answer 2

SCr, BUN , BUN:Cr (components of a BMP)

Question 3

Describe the implications for kidney disease on BUN:Cr

Answer 3

Low (below 12): acute tubular necrosis, low protein intake, severe liver disease

High (above 20): pre-renal uremia, high protein intake, post-GI bleed

High with elevated Cr: post renal obstruction, pre-renal uremia with renal disease

Question 4

Describe eGFR

Answer 4

estimated glomerular filtration rate of function of all nephrons
- calculation based on age, sex, SCr
- more accurate indicator of renal function than SCr

Question 5

Describe the etiology of chronic kidney disease

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe the presentation of CKD

Answer 6

Question 7

Describe the diagnosis of CKD

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe the treatment for CKD

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the etiology of hydronephrosis

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the presentation of hydronephrosis

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the etiology of horseshoe kidney

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the etiology of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the presentation of PKD

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the treatment for horeshoe kidney

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe the treatment for PKD

Answer 15

Question 16

What are the screening recommendations of PKD

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the etiology of renal artery stenosis

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe the presentation of renal artery stenosis

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe the treatment of renal artery stenosis

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe the etiology of renal artery thrombosis

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe the etiology of PSGN (post-strep glomerulonephritis)

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the presentation of post strep glomerulonephritis

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe the diagnosis of PSGN

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the etiology of Berger’s Disease (IgA nephropathy)

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the presentation of IgA Nephropathy

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe the treatment for IgA nephropathy

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the etiology of IgA vasculitis

Answer 28

Question 29

Describe the tetrad of IgA vasculitis

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the diagnosis of IgA vasculitis

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the etiology of membranous nephropathy

Answer 31

Question 32

Describe the diagnosis of membranous nephropathy

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the treatment of membranous nephropathy

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the etiology of focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the treatment of focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Answer 36