Antenatal Care & Normal Pregnancy Flashcards
Define the timeframe of the first trimester of pregnancy
first day of last menstrual period (day 0) up to and including 13 weeks & 6 days
Define the timeframe of the second trimester of pregnancy
14 weeks up to and including 27 weeks & 6 days
Define the timeframe of the third trimester of pregnancy
28 weeks to term
Define labor
onset of regular painful contractions with progressive effacement and dilation of the cervix, descent & expulsion of fetus & placenta
Describe the 4 stages of labor
Stage 1: onset of contractions to full dilation
Stage 2: full dilation to expulsion of fetus
Stage 3: after delivery of neonate until delivery of placenta
Stage 4: immediate time after birth
*latent labor moves into active labor (appx 5cm)
What are the medical goals of antenatal care
- estimation of gestational age
- ID of risks for fetal/maternal health
- constant eval of maternal/fetal health
- anticipation/prevention of issues to minimize morbidity
- health promo, education, support
Define cervical dilation
stretching of external os from a few mm to an opening large enough for birth (0-10 cm)
Define effacement
thinning/shortening of cervical canal (0-100%)
Define station in obstetrics
how far down the baby’s head is in the pelvis prior to delivery
- measured 0 when head settled into pelvis (@ ischial spine)
- -3 to -1 when above ischial spine
- +1 to +3 when below ischial spine toward cervix
Define presentation in obstetrics
orientation of fetus in womb, identified by location of presenting part of fetus relative to pelvis
List some personal goals of antenatal care
- maintain social, physical, cultural normality
- maintain health in pregnancy
- labor that is a positive experience
- positive experience mothering after birth
Define engagement in obstetrics
sensation that a pregnant person feels when fetus descends into pelvis (aka lightening)
- occurs at station 0
- typically 2 weeks prior to labor in first pregnancies
Define mucus plug
Throughout pregnancy, mucous blocks the opening of the cervix but is expelled prior to labor, sign that body is prepping for birth
Define embryo
child in utero during first 2 mos of development
Define fetus
child in utero from beginning of 3rd month until birth
Define infant
live born human from moment of birth until completion of 1 year of life
Define pre-term infant
child born between 20-37 weeks gestation
Define neonatal period
Defined as birth until 28 days of life
Define lochia
bloody discharge from vagina following delivery
Define post-term infant
child born after 42 weeks gestation
Define accelerations in obstetrics
short term rises in heart rate (one of the most important signs of well being during labor)
- increased FHR of at least 15 bpm for 15 seconds (if >32 weeks)
- increased FHR of at least 10 bpm for 10 seconds (if <32 weeks)
Define decelerations in obstetrics
temporary drops in FHR from baseline, can occur early, late, variably (late are typically the most worrisome)
Define Apgar scores
assessment of how the baby is doing at birth (1 and 5 minutes), range from 0-2 in areas of activity, pulse, grimace, appearance, respiration
List some pregnancy safe vaccines
- flu
- COVID
- Tdap
- pfizer RSV
