Peds Infections

Question 1

Describe the etiology of croup

Answer 1

Inflammation of larynx & subglottic airway

MC viral = parainfluenza, also RSV, adenovirus, influenza, rhinovirus

Spread via resp droplets, mostly seasonal and between age 6-5yrs

Question 2

Describe the clinical presentation of croup

Answer 2

Marked swelling/narrowing in the subglottic region

• Starts with rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, coryza
• 12-48 hrs: harsh, barking, seal like cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, fever
• worse at night
• rapid progression to resp distress should prompt concern for ddx, very few require intubation
• spontaneous resolution in a week

Question 3

Describe the PE & diagnostic testing of croup

Answer 3

PE: fever, hoarseness, barking cough, stridor at rest or when agitated, +/- retractions

Neck film: steeple sign (subglottic narrowing)

Westley croup score to determine severity

Question 4

Describe the treatment of mild to mod/severe croup

Answer 4

Mild: manage at home with humidified air, antipyretics, fluids, cold brisk air to decrease inflammation, single dose of oral dexamethasone

Mod-Severe: single dose of dexamethasone, nebulized epinephrine, O2 and IV fluids PRN, observe for at least 3-4 hrs in OP or ED setting

Question 5

When is croup the worst throughout its course?

Answer 5

2nd and 3rd night

Question 6

Describe the etiology of epiglottitis

Answer 6

Question 7

What is this an example of

Answer 7

Steeple sign in croup

Question 8

Describe the clinical presentation of epiglottitis

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the diagnostic testing for epiglottitis

Answer 9

Question 10

Describe the treatment for epiglottitis

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the etiology of bronchiolitis

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the clinical presentation of bronchiolitis

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the diagnostic testing for bronchiolitis

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the treatment for bronchiolitis

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe the etiology of RSV

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the clinical presentation & PE for RSV

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the diagnostic testing for RSV

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe the treatment for RSV

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe who is not eligible for a flu vaccine

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe the etiology for pertussis

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe the clinical presentation and phases of pertusis

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe the diagnostic testing for pertussis

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the treatment for pertussis

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe the vaccine schedule for pertussis

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the etiology of acute bronchitis

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the clinical presentation & PE of acute bronchitis

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe the diagnostic testing for acute bronchitis

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the treatment for acute bronchitis

Answer 28

Question 29

When should you use abx for acute bronchitis

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the etiology of influenza

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe H1N1 & H5N1

Answer 31

Question 32

What are some complicated presentations in influenza

Answer 32

Question 33

Describe the diagnostic testing for influenza

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the treatment for influenza

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the use of neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe antigenic shift/drift in regard to influenza

Answer 36

Question 37

Describe the guidelines/recommendations for influenza vaccines

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe the etiology of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the clinical presentation of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe the diagnostic testing for respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 40

Question 41

Describe the treatment for respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 41

Question 42

Describe the etiology of foreign body aspiration

Answer 42

(dont forget button batteries & multiple magnets!)

Question 43

Describe the clinical presentation of foreign body aspiration

Answer 43

Question 44

Describe the diagnostic testing for foreign body aspiration

Answer 44

Question 45

Describe the treatment for foreign body aspiration

Answer 45

Question 46

Describe the clinical presentation of influenza

Answer 46