AKI & Prostate & GU Emergencies

Question 1

List some lower urinary track symptoms having to do with storage

Answer 1

urgency, daytime frequency, nocturia, incontinence, abnormal bladder sensation

(classically with UTIs, can accompany epididymitis/orchitis)

Question 2

List some lower urinary track symptoms having to do with voiding

Answer 2

slow stream, intermittent stream, hesitancy, straining to void, incomplete emptying, dysuria, nocturnal urgency

Question 3

List some lower urinary tract symptoms having to do with post-micturition

Answer 3

sensation of incomplete emptying, post-micturition dribble

classically associated with BPH

Question 4

Describe the etiology and 3 major causes of AKI

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe the presentation of pre-renal & post-renal AKI

Answer 5

Question 6

What would a fractional excretion of Na show in pre-renal and intra-renal kidney injury

Answer 6

Question 7

Is the GFR increased or decreased in post-renal AKI

Answer 7

decreased

Question 8

Describe what may be seen on UA, CBC, BMP for AKI

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the treatment for pre-renal and post-renal AKI

Answer 9

Question 10

What may be seen on renal US in a post-renal AKI

Answer 10

hydronephrosis, parenchymal damage if chronic

Question 11

Describe the etiology of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the UA for acute tubular necrosis

Answer 12

Question 13

Describe the treatment for acute tubular necrosis

Answer 13

remove offending agent & give IV fluids

Question 14

Describe the etiology of acute tubulointerstitial neprhitis

Answer 14

Question 15

Describe the presentation of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Answer 15

Question 16

Describe the diagnosis & UA for acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe the treatment for acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe the etiology of acute glomerulonephritis (and IgA type)

Answer 18

Question 19

Describe the presentation of acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 19

Question 20

Describe the UA for acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 20

Question 21

Describe the treatment for acute glomerulonephritis

Answer 21

Question 22

Describe the etiology of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 22

Question 23

Describe the presentation of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 23

Question 24

Describe the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 24

Question 25

Describe the treatment for nephrotic syndrome

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe minimal change disease in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 26

Question 27

Describe the diagnostic testing for a UTI

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the treatment of a UTI

Answer 28

Question 29

Describe the etiology of pyelonephritis

Answer 29

Question 30

Describe the presentation of pyelonephritis

Answer 30

Question 31

Describe the diagnosis of pyelonephritis

Answer 31

Question 32

Describe the treatment for pyelonephritis

Answer 32

Question 33

List some complications of pyelonephritis

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the etiology of urethritis

Answer 34

Question 35

Describe the presentation of urethritis

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the treatment for urethritis

Answer 36

treating for gonorrhea/chlamydia

Question 37

List some complications of urethritis

Answer 37

septic arthritis, PID, infertility

Question 38

Describe the etiology of hematuria

Answer 38

Question 39

Describe the etiology of fournier’s gangrene

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe the presentation of fournier’s gangrene

Answer 40

Question 41

Describe the diagnosis of fournier’s gangrene

Answer 41

Question 42

Describe the treatment of fournier’s gangrene

Answer 42

Question 43

Describe the etiology of paraphimosis

Answer 43

Question 44

Describe the presentation of paraphimosis

Answer 44

enlarged painful glans

Question 45

Describe the treatment of paraphimosis

Answer 45

Question 46

Describe the etiology of penile fracture

Answer 46

Question 47

Describe the presentation of penile fracture

Answer 47

Question 48

Describe the diagnosis of penile fracture

Answer 48

Question 49

Describe the treatment for penile fracture

Answer 49

Question 50

Describe the complications of penile fracture

Answer 50

Question 51

Describe the etiology of priapism

Answer 51

Question 52

Describe the diagnosis of priapism

Answer 52

Question 53

Describe the treatment for priapism

Answer 53

Question 54

Describe the etiology of testicular torsion

Answer 54

Question 55

Describe the presentation of testicular torsion

Answer 55

Question 56

Describe the diagnosis & PE for testicular torsion

Answer 56

Question 57

Describe the treatment for testicular torsion

Answer 57

Question 58

Describe the etiology of epididymitis

Answer 58

Question 59

Describe the presentation of epididymitis

Answer 59

Question 60

Describe the diagnosis of epididymitis

Answer 60

Question 61

Describe the treatment for epididymitis

Answer 61

Question 62

Describe the complications of epididymitis

Answer 62

spread of infection to testicle (orchitis)

Question 63

Describe the etiology of orchitis

Answer 63

Question 64

Describe the presentation of orchitis

Answer 64

Question 65

Describe the treatment for orchitis

Answer 65

Question 66

Describe the etiology of hydrocele

Answer 66

Question 67

Describe the presentation of hydrocele

Answer 67

Question 68

Describe the diagnosis of hydrocele and varicocele

Answer 68

ultrasound

Question 69

Describe the treatment of hydrocele and varicocele

Answer 69

• hydrocele: no tx
• varicocele: no tx, sometimes surgical

Question 70

Describe the etiology of prostatitis

Answer 70

Question 71

Describe the presentation of prostatitis

Answer 71

Question 72

Describe the diagnosis of prostatitis

Answer 72

Question 73

Describe the treatment of prostatitis

Answer 73

Question 74

Describe the antibiotic penetration to the prostate

Answer 74

Question 75

Describe the etiology of benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 75

Question 76

Describe the presentation of BPH

Answer 76

Question 77

Describe the diagnosis of BPH

Answer 77

Question 78

Describe the treatment for BPH

Answer 78

Question 79

Describe the etiology of prostate cancer

Answer 79

Question 80

Describe the presentation of prostate cancer

Answer 80

Question 81

Describe the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Answer 81

Question 82

Describe the screening recommendations for prostate cancer

Answer 82

Screen with PSA