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2 Renal > Renal and Urological Imaging > Flashcards

Renal and Urological Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of renal colic?

A

ureteric calculus

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2
Q

calculi are most easily seen on ___

A

CT

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3
Q

conditions of what systems can stimulate renal colic?

A

gynae

renal eg pyelonephritis

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4
Q

what imaging should you do if you suspect pyelonephritis as the cause of renal colic and why?

A

USS, excludes ureteric obstruction

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5
Q

1st line imaging test for a suspected renal calculus

A

KUB x ray

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6
Q

why do you commonly get 2 x rays for the ureters?

A

need abdo and pelvic as they are long and extend out of view

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7
Q

what part of the spine do the ureters pass in front of?

A

lumbar transverse processes

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8
Q

what muscles do the ureters pass inferiorly to?

A

psoas muscles

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9
Q

what are you looking for on imaging of the ureters?

A

strictures
filling defects
displacement of calices

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10
Q

what actually is an IV urogram?

A

x ray taken following an injection of contrast

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11
Q

other causes of calcification in the abdomen that can pose as a urinary tract calculus?

A

phleboliths
mesenteric lymph nodes
vascular calification
uterine fibroids (usually bigger)

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12
Q

is contrast used in a CT looking for kidney stones?

A

no

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13
Q

CT should be avoided in which patients in particular?

A 
pregnant women (esp 1st trimester)
young women in general
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14
Q

most calculi pass spontaneously: T or F

A

T

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15
Q

macroscopic haematuria is an uncommon disease: T or F

A

F, quite common

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16
Q

what kidney tumour is prevalent in all ages?

A

renal cell carcinoma

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17
Q

what tumour of the urinary tract is found in people over 45?

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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18
Q

what does a cystoscopy look at?

A

bladder and urethra

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19
Q

what does CT urography look at?

A

kidneys
collecting systems
ureters

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20
Q

why do we not use a contrast CT when looking for stones?

A

can mask stones as the contrast is white (stones show up white too)

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21
Q

lots of contrast is good for looking at what structures of the urinary system?

A

renal parenchyma

tumours

22
Q

1st line investigation for >50 with haematuria?

A

CT urogram

23
Q

1st line investigation for <50 with haematuria?

A

USS kidneys

cystoscopy

24
Q

when is the only time you would do a CT urogram in <50s with haematuria?

A

when USS and cystoscopy are normal but haematuria persists

25
Q

when would you do MR urography on a patient?

A

when CT urogram is contraindicated only (eg pregnancy, contrast allergy, renal impairment)

26
Q

it is extremely uncommon for renal tumours under _cm to metastasise

A

2cm

27
Q

what is an angiomyolipoma?

A

renal mass containing fat (benign)

28
Q

Tx of angiomyolipoma?

A

follow up only to check for bleeding

29
Q

solid masses larger than 4cm are often malignant T or F

A

F, >3cm

30
Q

what investigation is 1st line for cyst diagnosis?

A

USS

31
Q

what Ix is used to stage a malignant renal tumour?

A

CT

32
Q

areas of metasases from kidney?

A

lung

bone

33
Q

pre-renal causes of renal impairment?

A

dehydration
hypotension
renal artery stenosis

34
Q

renal causes of renal impairment?

A

parenchymal disease
drugs
toxins

35
Q

post renal causes of renal impairment?

A

obstruction

36
Q

hydronephrosis often accompanies ___

A

obstruction

37
Q

Ix for pre-renal disease?

A

MR angiography to detect renal artery stenosis

38
Q

Ix of direct renal disease?

A

USS

39
Q

the testis is typically hypovascular on USS in epididymoorchitis T or F

A

F, it is hypervascular

40
Q

the testis is typically avascular on USS in testicular torsion T or F?

A

T

41
Q

causes of painless scrotal swelling?

A

hernia
varicocele
hydrocele
epididymal cyst (v common)

42
Q

varicocele commonly presents on what side?

A

left

43
Q

what does hydrocele look like on USS?

A

black fluid around testicle

44
Q

what part of the epididymis does a cyst usually arise on?

A

epididymal head

45
Q

an intratesticular soft tissue mass is called?

A

testicular seminoma

46
Q

renal trauma injury is best assessed by?

A

CT

47
Q

is extra or intraperitoneal rupture of the bladder more common?

A

extra

48
Q

how is extraperitoneal bladder rupture treated?

A

conservatively

49
Q

how is intraperitoneal bladder rupture treated?

A

surgery

50
Q

how is bladder trauma diagnosed?

A

cytography

51
Q

what kind of trauma causes urethral disruption?

A

ant pelvic fracture

straddle injury

52
Q

Tx for ureteric obstruction?

A

nephrostomy

ureteric stent

2 Renal (34 decks)

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