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2 Renal > Obstruction > Flashcards

Obstruction Flashcards

1
Q

outline the layers of the bladder

A

epithelium
lamina propria
detrusor muscle

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2
Q

what is contained in the lamina propria of the bladder?

A

nerve receptors
collagen
CT
blood vessels

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3
Q

how is muscle arranged in the detrusor muscle?

A

inner longitudinal layer
circular layer
outer longitudinal layer

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4
Q

causes of bladder neck obstruction in men?

A

bladder neck stenosis
stone
tumour

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5
Q

causes of posterior urethral obstruction in men?

A

BPH
stricture
stone
tumour

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6
Q

causes of anterior urethral obstruction in men

A

stricture
stone
cancer

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7
Q

causes of glans penis obstruction?

A

urethral orifice stenosis

penile cancer

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8
Q

vaginal causes of obstruction?

A

vaginal atrophy
prolapse
cyst

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9
Q

urethral causes of obstruction in women?

A

stone
stenosis
tumour

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10
Q

obstruction is more common in what gender?

A

men

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11
Q

overactive bladder is more common in what gender?

A

women

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12
Q

voiding symptoms are due to what pathology?

A

obstruction

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13
Q

symptoms of poor voiding?

A 
poor flow
intermittent stream
deviated stream
hesistancy
dribbling post micturition
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14
Q

storage symptoms are due to what pathology?

A

secondary effects of obstruction

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15
Q

symptoms of storage problems?

A 
frequency
urgency (incontinence?)
nocturia
incomplete emptying
pain with bladder filling
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16
Q

what level of RBCs indicates microscopic haematuria?

A

3-5 RBCs per HPF on dipstick

17
Q

what should be asked in a patient with gross haematuria?

A 
painful - infection/stone?
painless?
clots (ask about shape)
timing
coagulation test
18
Q

what investigations should be done in the GP in microscopic haematuria?

A

BP

urinalysis - look for blood and protein

19
Q

a palpable roughness in the penile body indicates…

A

a stricture

20
Q

what is hypospadias?

A

urethral meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis

21
Q

blood on finger would indicate…

A

a tumour in the rectum

22
Q

most common cause of obstruction of the urethral meatus in post menopausal women?

A

stenosis

23
Q

non imaging Ix into urinary obstruction?

A 
FBC
U+Es
creatinine
urinalysis
urine cultures
24
Q

imaging Ix into urinary obstruction?

A

KUB x ray
USS KUB
transrectal USS biopsy of prostate
CTU if stone or suspected cancer

25
Q

complications of obstruction?

A 
retention
atonic bladder from detrusor hypofunction
renal failure from urine backup
recurrent UTI
incontinence
26
Q

BPH treatment?

A

tamsulosin (alpha blocker)

TURP or laser if not working

27
Q

Tx of urethral sphincter?

A

optical urethrotomy

anastomotic urethroplasty

28
Q

Tx of phimosis (tightened foreskin)?

A

circumcision

dorsal slit

29
Q

Tx of bladder stone?

A

cystolitholaplexy (to break up stone)

30
Q

what is a TURP?

A

transurethral resection of prostate

2 Renal (34 decks)

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