Physiology 8

Question 1

normal range of HCO3?

Answer 1

23-27mmol/l

Question 2

normal pH range?

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

normal arterial pCO2?

Answer 3

35-45mmHg

Question 4

if normal acid base balance is disrupted what needs to be restored first

Answer 4

pH

Question 5

what substances act as buffers in acid base disturbances?

Answer 5

HCO3
CO2
Hb

Question 6

____ blood has a greater affinity for H+ ions

Answer 6

unoxygenated

Question 7

what organ regulates and controls bicarbonate?

Answer 7

kidneys

Question 8

causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 8

COPD
airway restriction eg tumour
chest injury
respiratory depression eg general anaesthesia

Question 9

CO2 is __ in respiratory acidosis

Answer 9

retained

Question 10

there is hypoventilation in respiratory acidosis T or F

Answer 10

T

Question 11

where does CO2 retention drive equilibrium?

Answer 11

right

Question 12

what will resp acidosis present with:
pH
CO2
HCO3

Answer 12

low ph
inc co2
normal HCO3

Question 13

there is alot of extracellular buffering in respiratory acidosis T or F

Answer 13

F, virtually none for respiratory disorders

Question 14

why is H+ secreted by the kidney in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 14

the excess CO2 stimulates release

Question 15

how is respiratory acidosis fixed?

Answer 15

treat the cause

need to get respiration back to normal

Question 16

how is pH brought back to normal in respiratory compensation?

Answer 16

kidneys make H+ to bind to the bicarbonate ions to be excreted as ammonium in the urine

Question 17

there is hypoventilation in respiratory alkalosis T or F

Answer 17

F, hyper

Question 18

there is __ CO2 in respiratory alkalosis

Answer 18

low

Question 19

causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 19

altitute
hyperventilation
anxiety

Question 20

co2 removal drives equilibrium to the….

Answer 20

left

Question 21

effect of respiratory alkalosis on:
pH
CO2
bicarb

Answer 21

ph high
co2 low
bicarb normal

Question 22

H+ secretion is high in respiratory alkalosis T or F

Answer 22

F, co2 is low so it cant stimulate the kidneys to secrete H+

Question 23

how do you fix respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 23

restore normal ventilation

remove hco3 in urine

Question 24

causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 24

ingestion of acid
DKA (excessive production of H+)
lactic acidosis
excessive loss of bicarb eg diarrhoea

Question 25

there is excess __ in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 25

H+ (NOT from CO2)

Question 26

why is HCO3 low in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 26

trying to buffer the excess H+

Question 27

effect of metabolic acidosis on:
pH
HCO3
CO2

Answer 27

ph low
CO2 normal
HCO3 high

Question 28

how is pH restored in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 28

respiratory system helps by causing hyperventilation (Removes co2 so moves equilibrium to the left to get rid of H+)

Question 29

what is the equilibrium equation for acids and bases?

Answer 29

CO2 + H20 H2CO3 H + HCO3

Question 30

the urine in metabolic acidosis is acidic/basic?

Answer 30

acidic

Question 31

is metabolic acidosis or alkalosis more common?

Answer 31

acidosis

Question 32

effect of metabolic alkalosis on:
pH
CO2
HCO3

Answer 32

high pH
normal CO2
high HCO3

Question 33

cause of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 33

vomiting
ingestion of alkali
aldosterone hypersecretion

Question 34

there is a loss of __ and/or and gain of ___ in metabolic acidosis

Answer 34

loss of H+

gain of HCO3

Question 35

what does the resp system do to restore a metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 35

slows ventilation down so that CO2 is retained (shifts equilibrium to the right so more H+ is gained)