Physiology 1

Question 1

what is tonicity?

Answer 1

the effect a solution has on cell volume

Question 2

osmolality is the same as osmolarity T or F

Answer 2

T, only difference is the units used

Question 3

what is osmolarity?

Answer 3

concentration of osmotically active particles present in a solution

Question 4

what are the units for osmolarity?

Answer 4

mosmol/l (milliosmoles per l)

Question 5

what 2 factors need to be known in order to calculate osmolarity?

Answer 5

molar conc of solution

number of osmotically active particles present

Question 6

less water outside of the cell compared to inside indicates a ___ ___

Answer 6

hypertonic solution

Question 7

if the osmolarity inside and outside of tehe cell is the same the solution is said to be ___

Answer 7

isotonic

Question 8

what percentage of a female’s body weight is made up of water?

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

what percentage of a male’s body weight is made up of water?

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

around 2/3 of all water of the body is found in __

Answer 10

cells (ie intracellular fluid)

Question 11

what makes up most of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 11

interstitial fluid

Question 12

how is plasma measured?

Answer 12

labelled albumin

Question 13

TBW (total body water) = ___ + ___

Answer 13

ECF + ICF

Question 14

name the equation required to work out the volume of a compartment

Answer 14

dose/sample concentration

Question 15

why do we get water from metabolism?

Answer 15

many by-products/final products of metabolic processes are water

Question 16

biggest loss of water from the body?

Answer 16

urine

Question 17

how much urine is lost on average per day?

Answer 17

1500ml

Question 18

why can urine production never be turned off?

Answer 18

some products can only be excreted as a solution

Question 19

there are more sodium and chloride cells ___ the cell compared to ___

Answer 19

outside

inside

Question 20

what structure separates plasma from the interstitial fluid?

Answer 20

capillary wall

Question 21

negatively charged proteins are more prevalent in the ECF T or F?

Answer 21

F, mainly in ICF

Question 22

the osmotic concentration of the ICF is?

Answer 22

300mosmol/l

Question 23

the osmotic concentrations of the ECF is?

Answer 23

300mosmol/l

Question 24

movement of water between the ICF and ECF in response to an osmotic gradient is known as?

Answer 24

fluid shift

Question 25

what would happen to the ICF volume if the ECF osmotic conc decreases?

Answer 25

ICF increases

Question 26

what effect would decreased ECF volume have on plasma volume?

Answer 26

would decrease it

Question 27

when would electrolyte balance occur?

Answer 27

when rates of gain = rates of loss

Question 28

total electrolyte concentrations have no effect on osmolarity T or F

Answer 28

F, can directly affect water balance

Question 29

“water will follow salt whenever possible” T or F

Answer 29

T

Question 30

main salts of the ECF?

Answer 30

Na

Cl

Question 31

how does salt get into the body?

Answer 31

fluids and food