Physiology 2 Flashcards
what hormone stimulates RBC production when hypoxic?
erythropoeitin
what effect do the kidneys have on vitamin d?
converts it into its active form (Calcitriol)
what type of muscle lines the ureter?
smooth muscle
the kidneys receive what percentage of the total cardiac output?
25%
tubular fluid is a form of ___
plasma
what supplies the renal tissue?
peritubular capillaries
where does tubular fluid form?
the glomerulus in bowman’s capsule where it filters the plasma to tubular fluid
the afferent arteriole supplies what?
glomerulus
the cortex has a ____ appearance
granulated
an individual collecting duct receives output from its own nephron only: T or F
F, receives input from several different nephrons
name the 2 different types of nephron
juxtomedullary
cortical
which is the more numerous of the 2 different types of nephron?
cortical
name the 2 main differences between the 2 types of nephron
- loop of henle is longer in a JM nephron
2. JM nephron has a single capillary (vasa recta) rather than peritubular capillaries
name the capillary of juxtamedullary nephrons
vasa recta
which type of nephron can produce more concentrated urine?
juxtamedullary nephron
product from the glomerulus drains into the?
efferent arteriole
the diameter of the efferent arteriole is larger T or F
F, afferent does
the wall of the glomerular capillary is made up of
single layer of endothelial cells
acellular layer of the glomerular capillary?
basement membrane
glomerular capillary wall is much more porous than other capillaries of the body: T or F
T
what cells produce and secrete renin?
granular cells
where are granular cells located?
the distal tubule of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
salt-sensitive cells of the nephron?
macula densa (granular cells are an example of this)
the presence of peritubular capillaries indicates this is what kind of nephron?
cortical
what is tubular reabsorption?
reabsorption of tubular fluid back into the peritubular capillary/vasa recta -> venous bloodstream
why is the renal tubule said to be a “conveyor belt”?
substances are added or removed as urinary filtrate moves from the proximal to distal end
what percentage of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered?
20%
rate of excretion equation?
(rate of filtration + rate of secretion) - rate of reabsorption
GFR is kept constant at…
25ml per min
when is net reabsorption of a substance said to have occurred?
if rate of filtration exceeds rate of excretion
what is rate of filtration of a substance?
the mass of the substance filtered into bowman’s capsule per unit of time (i.e {X}plasma x GFR)
how do you work out rate of excretion of a substance?
mass of substance excreted per unit of time
when is net secretion of a substance aid to have occurred?
if rate of excretion exceeds rate of filtration
how do you work out rate of secretion of a substance?
rate of excretion of substance - rate of filtration of substance
