Physiology 2

Question 1

what hormone stimulates RBC production when hypoxic?

Answer 1

erythropoeitin

Question 2

what effect do the kidneys have on vitamin d?

Answer 2

converts it into its active form (Calcitriol)

Question 3

what type of muscle lines the ureter?

Answer 3

smooth muscle

Question 4

the kidneys receive what percentage of the total cardiac output?

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

tubular fluid is a form of ___

Answer 5

plasma

Question 6

what supplies the renal tissue?

Answer 6

peritubular capillaries

Question 7

where does tubular fluid form?

Answer 7

the glomerulus in bowman’s capsule where it filters the plasma to tubular fluid

Question 8

the afferent arteriole supplies what?

Answer 8

glomerulus

Question 9

the cortex has a ____ appearance

Answer 9

granulated

Question 10

an individual collecting duct receives output from its own nephron only: T or F

Answer 10

F, receives input from several different nephrons

Question 11

name the 2 different types of nephron

Answer 11

juxtomedullary

cortical

Question 12

which is the more numerous of the 2 different types of nephron?

Answer 12

cortical

Question 13

name the 2 main differences between the 2 types of nephron

Answer 13

1. loop of henle is longer in a JM nephron

2. JM nephron has a single capillary (vasa recta) rather than peritubular capillaries

Question 14

name the capillary of juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 14

vasa recta

Question 15

which type of nephron can produce more concentrated urine?

Answer 15

juxtamedullary nephron

Question 16

product from the glomerulus drains into the?

Answer 16

efferent arteriole

Question 17

the diameter of the efferent arteriole is larger T or F

Answer 17

F, afferent does

Question 18

the wall of the glomerular capillary is made up of

Answer 18

single layer of endothelial cells

Question 19

acellular layer of the glomerular capillary?

Answer 19

basement membrane

Question 20

glomerular capillary wall is much more porous than other capillaries of the body: T or F

Answer 20

T

Question 21

what cells produce and secrete renin?

Answer 21

granular cells

Question 22

where are granular cells located?

Answer 22

the distal tubule of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 23

salt-sensitive cells of the nephron?

Answer 23

macula densa (granular cells are an example of this)

Question 24

the presence of peritubular capillaries indicates this is what kind of nephron?

Answer 24

cortical

Question 25

what is tubular reabsorption?

Answer 25

reabsorption of tubular fluid back into the peritubular capillary/vasa recta -> venous bloodstream

Question 26

why is the renal tubule said to be a “conveyor belt”?

Answer 26

substances are added or removed as urinary filtrate moves from the proximal to distal end

Question 27

what percentage of the plasma that enters the glomerulus is filtered?

Answer 27

20%

Question 28

rate of excretion equation?

Answer 28

(rate of filtration + rate of secretion) - rate of reabsorption

Question 29

GFR is kept constant at…

Answer 29

25ml per min

Question 30

when is net reabsorption of a substance said to have occurred?

Answer 30

if rate of filtration exceeds rate of excretion

Question 31

what is rate of filtration of a substance?

Answer 31

the mass of the substance filtered into bowman’s capsule per unit of time (i.e {X}plasma x GFR)

Question 32

how do you work out rate of excretion of a substance?

Answer 32

mass of substance excreted per unit of time

Question 33

when is net secretion of a substance aid to have occurred?

Answer 33

if rate of excretion exceeds rate of filtration

Question 34

how do you work out rate of secretion of a substance?

Answer 34

rate of excretion of substance - rate of filtration of substance