Haematuria

Question 1

what can haematuria be

Answer 1

haematospermia

PV bleeding

Question 2

haematospermia is a symptom of what condition?

Answer 2

prostate cancer

Question 3

how does prostate cancer cause haematospermia?

Answer 3

invades ejaculatory ducts

Question 4

visible haematuria can be divided into what categories?

Answer 4

macroscopic

gross

Question 5

microscopic haematuria is not visible T or F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

differentials for symptomatic non visible haematuria?

Answer 6

LUTS

renal colic

Question 7

what kind of haematuria suggests cancer?

Answer 7

frank haematuria

Question 8

microscopic haematuria is caused by…

Answer 8

not well understood

Question 9

red flags for UT cancer?

Answer 9

smoking
occupation - chemicals/dyes?
Hx of gross haematuria
age >40
history of UTI
LUTS problems
analgesic abuse

Question 10

main symptoms of urinary tract cancer?

Answer 10

haematuria
loin pain
mass
retention
irritative symptoms

Question 11

don’t get haematuria in prostate cancer T or F

Answer 11

Tish, will only ever cause haematuria if it is invading the urinary tract

Question 12

what prostate disease do you get haematuria in?

Answer 12

BPH

Question 13

symptoms of penile cancer?

Answer 13

itching/burning under foreskin
erythema
mass/lump

Question 14

bleeding around kidney is called…

Answer 14

perirenal haematoma

Question 15

what kind of haematuria would you suspect in a long distance runner complaining of this symptom?

Answer 15

sport haematuria

Question 16

cause of sport haematuria?

Answer 16

hypoxic damage to nephrons by vasoconstriction of renal vessels

Question 17

how is loin pain haematuria syndrome different from other causes of loin pain?

Answer 17

similar symptoms but no infection of the kidney

Question 18

what cancers typically invade the urinary tract from outside?

Answer 18

gynae cancer

rectal cancer

Question 19

how can you find out if there is an abnormal connection between other pelvic areas and the urinary tract?

Answer 19

ask about faecaluria

gas in urine

Question 20

what can contaminate a urine sample?

Answer 20

menstrual blood
colours eg beetroot
rifampicin and other drugs
toxins eg lead, mercury
myoglobin

Question 21

blood at beginning of micturition is coming from???

Answer 21

urethra

Question 22

if blood is only there at the end of micturition it’s coming from..

Answer 22

prostate

Question 23

if blood is constantly there when urinating it’s coming from…

Answer 23

bladder

kidney

Question 24

renal colic in a patient with haematuria and loin pain could be…

Answer 24

wormlike clots in the ureters

Question 25

what should be examined in a patient with urinary symptoms?

Answer 25

insp: bruising and swelling in loin, abdo, scrotum, perineum
palp: tenderness, feel for a mass, PR, bimanual exam

Question 26

Ix of haematuria?

Answer 26

urinalysis

Question 27

what imaging is best for looking at the parenchyma of the kidney?

Answer 27

USS
CT
MRI

Question 28

what imaging is best for looking at the collecting system of the kidney?

Answer 28

CT/MRI/IV urogram

Question 29

gold standard investigation for patient with frank haematuria?

Answer 29

1. CT urogram

2. cystoscopy

Question 30

cystoscopy is done under general anaesthetic T or F

Answer 30

F, done under local