Haematuria Flashcards
what can haematuria be
haematospermia
PV bleeding
haematospermia is a symptom of what condition?
prostate cancer
how does prostate cancer cause haematospermia?
invades ejaculatory ducts
visible haematuria can be divided into what categories?
macroscopic
gross
microscopic haematuria is not visible T or F
T
differentials for symptomatic non visible haematuria?
LUTS
renal colic
what kind of haematuria suggests cancer?
frank haematuria
microscopic haematuria is caused by…
not well understood
red flags for UT cancer?
smoking occupation - chemicals/dyes? Hx of gross haematuria age >40 history of UTI LUTS problems analgesic abuse
main symptoms of urinary tract cancer?
haematuria loin pain mass retention irritative symptoms
don’t get haematuria in prostate cancer T or F
Tish, will only ever cause haematuria if it is invading the urinary tract
what prostate disease do you get haematuria in?
BPH
symptoms of penile cancer?
itching/burning under foreskin
erythema
mass/lump
bleeding around kidney is called…
perirenal haematoma
what kind of haematuria would you suspect in a long distance runner complaining of this symptom?
sport haematuria
cause of sport haematuria?
hypoxic damage to nephrons by vasoconstriction of renal vessels
how is loin pain haematuria syndrome different from other causes of loin pain?
similar symptoms but no infection of the kidney
what cancers typically invade the urinary tract from outside?
gynae cancer
rectal cancer
how can you find out if there is an abnormal connection between other pelvic areas and the urinary tract?
ask about faecaluria
gas in urine
what can contaminate a urine sample?
menstrual blood colours eg beetroot rifampicin and other drugs toxins eg lead, mercury myoglobin
blood at beginning of micturition is coming from???
urethra
if blood is only there at the end of micturition it’s coming from..
prostate
if blood is constantly there when urinating it’s coming from…
bladder
kidney
renal colic in a patient with haematuria and loin pain could be…
wormlike clots in the ureters
what should be examined in a patient with urinary symptoms?
insp: bruising and swelling in loin, abdo, scrotum, perineum
palp: tenderness, feel for a mass, PR, bimanual exam
Ix of haematuria?
urinalysis
what imaging is best for looking at the parenchyma of the kidney?
USS
CT
MRI
what imaging is best for looking at the collecting system of the kidney?
CT/MRI/IV urogram
gold standard investigation for patient with frank haematuria?
- CT urogram
2. cystoscopy
cystoscopy is done under general anaesthetic T or F
F, done under local
