Pathology 3 Flashcards
main preventative factor for SCC of penis?
cirumcision
cause of SCC of penis?
poor hygiene
HPV infection
where will an SCC of the penis present?
glans or prepuce of penis
appearance of SCC of the penis on histology
large islands of invasive squamous type cells with keratin production
what areas of the world have the highest incidence of SCC of the penis?
latin america
africa
far east
define BNH?
benign nodular hyperplasia of the prostate
there is irregular proliferation of what types of tissue in BPH?
glandular and stromal prostatic tissue
cause of BPH?
sex hormone imbalance
symptoms of prostatism?
difficulty in starting micturition
poor stream
overflow incontinence
BPH is pre-malignant T or F
F
why can you get bladder hypertrophy in BPH?
prostate is compressing the prostatic urethra preventing the exit of urine so bladder stretches
histological changes of BPH?
glandular changes
hyperplasia of stromal and glandular tissue
peak incidence of prostate carcinoma?
60-80yrs
is prostate carcinoma inherited?
can be, at increased risk if 1st degree relative had it
where does prostate caricnoma arise?
peripheral ducts and glands of the prostate, commonly in the posterior lobe
what zone of the prostate becomes involved in late stage prostate carcinoma?
peri-urethral
what lymph nodes can a prostate carcinoma spread to?
sacral
iliac
para-aortic
what kind of bone metastases does prostate cancer cause?
osteosclerotic mets (makes bone denser)
imaging for prostate cancer?
USS
skeletal x ray
bone scan
biochem findings of prostate cancer?
PSA
potential associated symptoms of a testicular tumour?
painless enlargement
hydrocele
gynaecomastia
most common type of testicular tumour?
germ cell
what male sex cell is activated by LH?
leydig cell
what male sex cell is activated by FSH?
sertoli cell
what testicular tumour looks like a potato
seminoma
what lymph nodes does a seminoma spread to?
para-aortic
Tx of a testicular tumour?
radiotherapy
what germ cell tumour presents in 20s?
teratoma
you can get a mixed seminoma/teratoma T or F
T
