Histology of the Renal System

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

a cell with a true nucleus

Question 2

osmotic functions of the kidney and urinary tract?

Answer 2

maintain water and electrolyte
body fluid osmolarity
acid base balance

Question 3

what toxic metabolic waste products are excreted by the kidney?

Answer 3

urea

creatinine

Question 4

how does the kidney act as an endocrine gland?

Answer 4

produces renin and erythropoietin

Question 5

the renal capsule is made up of ___

Answer 5

collagen

Question 6

what component(s) of the nephron are part of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

glomerulus

Question 7

the group of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called ___

Answer 7

the glomerulus

Question 8

bowman’s capsule is made up of what type of epithelium?

Answer 8

simple squamous

Question 9

what is bowman’s capsule?

Answer 9

capsule that the capillaries of the glomerulus invaginate into

Question 10

how is the blood flowing through the kidney separated from the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 10

2 layers of epithelium: capillary endothelium and specialised epithelium (both called podocytes) PLUS a basal lamina

Question 11

how is debris removed from the kidney?

Answer 11

mesangial cells

Question 12

what epithelium lines the thin limb of the loop of henle?

Answer 12

thin simple squamous lining

Question 13

what epithelium lines the the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle?

Answer 13

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 14

which part of the loop of henle contains the most mitochondria?

Answer 14

thick ascending limb

Question 15

what are the blood vessels connected between the medulla and cortex called?

Answer 15

vasa recta

Question 16

the distal convoluted tubules are found in what layer of the kidney?

Answer 16

cortex

Question 17

the distal convuluted tubules are lined by what epithelium?

Answer 17

simple cuboidal

Question 18

lining of the collecting ducts?

Answer 18

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 19

name the 3 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 19

macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 20

which component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are smooth muscle cells?

Answer 20

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 21

which component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses ion composition in the distal convuluted tubule?

Answer 21

macula densa

Question 22

most of the urinary tract is lined by?

Answer 22

transitional epithelium

Question 23

what are the cells of the luminal surface of the urinary tract called?

Answer 23

umbrella cells

Question 24

what is the area below the transitional epithelium called?

Answer 24

lamina popria

2-3 layers of smooth muscle

Question 25

what is the lamina propria made up of?

Answer 25

fibroelastic connective tissue

Question 26

describe the epithelial lining of the female urethra

Answer 26

transitional epithelium which swiches to stratified squamous near its termination

Question 27

how long is the male urethra?

Answer 27

20cm

Question 28

how long is the prostatic urethra?

Answer 28

3-4cm

Question 29

what epithelium lines the prostatic urethra?

Answer 29

transitional epithelium

Question 30

what epithelium lines the membranous urethra?

Answer 30

transitional epithelium that changes to stratified columnar

Question 31

what epithelium lines the penile urethra?

Answer 31

stratified columnar epithelium which becomes stratified squamous

Question 32

what is the longest part of the male urethra?

Answer 32

penile urethra

Question 33

name the glands of the prostate?

Answer 33

tubulo-alveolar glands

Question 34

what epithelium lines the prostate?

Answer 34

simple columnar secretory epithelium