Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 Renal > Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) > Flashcards

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Flashcards

1
Q

define AKI

A

an abrupt reduction in kidney function defined by:
inc in creatinine by >50%
reduction in urine output
THAT WONT RESPOND TO RESUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what would be defined as an “abrupt” reduction in kidney function?

A

<48hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

risk factors for AKI?

A 
old age
CKD
diabetes
HF
liver disease
PVD
previous AKI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what acute vascular problems can cause AKI?

A

hypotension

hypovolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pre-renal causes are also know as…

A

functional causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

renal causes are also known as…

A

structural causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

post renal causes are also known as…

A

obstructive causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is affected first in AKI:
urine output
creatinine levels

A

UO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pre-renal causes of AKI?

A

hypovolaemia (eg dehydration)
hypotension
renal hypoperfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what drugs can cause renal hypoperfusion?

A

NSAIDs
COX-2 inhibitors
ACEi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what must be communicated to a renal patient when they’re started on an ACEi?

A

sick day rules - if they take their medication while ill theyre at risk of AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

untreated pre-renal AKI leads to….

A

acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what forms of shock can cause AKI?

A

cardiogenic
septic
anaphylactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define oliguria?

A

<0.5mls/kg/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does angiotensin 2 increase GFR?

A

mediates arteriolar vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does ACEi decrease GFR?

A

cause efferent arteriolar vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

commonest form of AKI in hospital?

A

acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of acute tubular necrosis?

A

sepsis
severe dehydration
rabdomyolysis
drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx of pre-renal AKI?

A

assess for hydration eg oedema/JVP/cap refill

if deplete give 0.9% NaCl 1l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

main drug causes of interstitial nephritis

A
  1. antibiotics

2. PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

non-drug causes of interstitial nephritis?

A

TB

sarcoidosis

22
Q

patients who are itchy are more likely to have __ renal failure

A

chronic

23
Q

gentamicin is toxic to what part of the kidney?

A

tubules

24
Q

symptoms of AKI?

A

general symptoms eg nausea
itch
fluid overload eg oedema, sob

25
Q

signs of AKI?

A

oliguria
fluid overload
uraemia eg itch, pericarditis

26
Q

if blood and protein are in the urine the AKI is more likely to be of a ___ cause

A

renal/structural

27
Q

Hx of sore throat in a patient with AKI?

A

could have a strep GN leading to AKI

28
Q

what results on blood tests could indicate renal causes of AKI?

A

eosinophilia

CK

29
Q

Ix for AKI?

A 
U+Es,
FBC
coagulation screen
urinalysis
USS
immunology for ANA/ANCA
protein electrophoresis and BJP
30
Q

what are the different components of U+Es?

A

Na, K, Ur, Cr

31
Q

anaemic patient with a vague history indicates chronic or acute disease?

A

chronic

32
Q

small kidneys indicate…

A

chronic disease

33
Q

measurement for goodpastures?

A

GBM

34
Q

investigations for myeloma?

A

protein electrophoresis

BJP

35
Q

when would you do a renal biopsy urgently?

A

rapidly progressive GN

positive immunology + have AKI

36
Q

Ct guided biopsy is the gold standard for renal biopsy?

A

F, USS guided biopsy is

37
Q

if the patient has been fluid rescitated and still doesnt have a good BP what should you do?

A

give inotropes and vasopressors

38
Q

when should a patient with AKI go onto dialysis?

A

if patient remains anuric and uraemic after treatment

39
Q

what is fluid overload?

A

pulmonary oedema with oliguria

40
Q

when should diuretics absolutely not been given in a patient with oedema symptoms?

A

if they are not peeing

41
Q

what level is classed as severe uraemia?

A

urea >40

42
Q

what is the cause of AKI in post renal AKI?

A

obstruction

get obstruction of urine flow leading to back pressure -> hydronephrosis -> loss of concentrating ability

43
Q

causes of post renal AKI?

A

stones
cancers
strictures
extrinsic pressure

44
Q

Tx of post renal AKI?

A

catheter

nephrostomy

45
Q

normal K level?

A

3.5-5

46
Q

patient with muscles feeling like jelly 2 days after dialysis?

A

hyperkalaemia

47
Q

Ix for hyperkalaemia

A

muscle tests

ECG

48
Q

why do we give calcium gluconate in hyperkalaemia?

A

stabilises myocardium and normalises ECG

49
Q

what does insulin do in hyperkalaemia?

A

moves K+ back into the cells

50
Q

Tx of hyperkalaemia

A
  1. calcium gluconate
  2. insulin dextrose
  3. sodium bicarbonate
51
Q

indications for dialysis in an AKI patient?

A 
not responding to drugs in:
hyperkalaemia
severe acidosis (<7.15)
fluid overload
urea >40 with pericardial rub

2 Renal (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions