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Physiology for Pharmacy > Renal 2: Tubular Absorption & Secretion > Flashcards

Renal 2: Tubular Absorption & Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

filtration from the blood into the nephron occurs in what part of the nephron?

A

bowman’s capsule

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2
Q

give the formula for renal excretion

A

E = (filtered - reabsorbed) + secreted

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3
Q

describe the anatomy of the nephron in the order urine passes through them

A

proximal tubule; loop of henle; distal tubule; collecting duct

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4
Q

most of what is filtered is ____ by the nephron

A

reabsorbed

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5
Q

glucose in the urine is a sign of ___

A

diabetes

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6
Q

water is ___%reabsorbed by the nephron

A

99

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7
Q

sodium is __% reabsorbed by the nephron

A

99

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8
Q

glucose is ___ % reabsorbed by the nephron

A

100

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9
Q

substances are reabsorbed and secreted across renal tubular ___ cells

A

epithelial

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10
Q

substances can be reabsorbed and secreted across renal tubular epithelial cells by what 2 methods?

A
  1. paracellular

2. transcellular

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11
Q

transcellular reabsorption / secretion is _____

A

active

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12
Q

paracellular reabsorption/ secretion is ___

A

passive

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13
Q

what are the 3 membranes of the nephron epithelial cells?

A

apical, lateral, basal

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14
Q

passage of solutes by paracellular route is ___

A

passive

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15
Q

passage of solutes by the transcellular route is ___

A

active

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16
Q

passage of water by the paracellular and transcellular routes is ___ and driven by __

A

passive; osmosis

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17
Q

for active transepithelial absorption / secretion, there are ___ located on either side of the cell

A

specific transporters

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18
Q

t/f transcellular Na reabsorption requires energy

A

true

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19
Q

the entrance of Na into the epithelial cells is ___ and the exit is __

A

passive; active

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20
Q

Na enters the __ end and exits through the __ end

A

apical; basolateral

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21
Q

what transporter is used to actively move Na across the basolateral membrnae?

A

Na/K pump

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22
Q

t/f sodium can be reabsorbed by both active and passive routes

A

true

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23
Q

overall, sodium reabsorption is a ___ process (active / passive?

A

active

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24
Q

t/f other substances can be reabsorbed in a Na-dependent fashion. If so give an example

A

true; glucose

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25
entrance of glucose to the apical membrane is ___ and its exit across the basolateral membrane is __
active; passive
26
what transporter is used to bring glucose into the cell in a sodium-dependent manner?
sodium glucose transpoter
27
what transporter is used to remove glucose from the cell in a sodium-dependent manner?
glucose facilitated diffusion transporter
28
__% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed by the proximal tubule?
100
29
water moves in response to ___ pressure difference
osmotic
30
water moves from __osmotic pressure to ___ osmotic pressure
low; high (yes thats correct, think about it)
31
water reabsorption to the higher osmolarity is ___ and driven by __
passive; osomosis
32
most (2/3) of the Na is reabsorbed in the ___
proximal tubule
33
substances absorbed by the proximal tubule can do so by what 2 methods?
1. dependent on Na | 2. passive diffusion
34
t/f Na is reabsorbed in varying amounts in each of the parts of the nephron using different techniques
true
35
t/f water is reabsorbed by most parts of the nephron, but some parts can be impermeable
true
36
t/f water reabsorption is secondary to solute reabsorption
true
37
at the start of the proximal tubule, the solute concentrations are the same as the ___ and filtration is ___
plasma; non-specific
38
within the proximal tubule, the Na concentration and osmolarity are ____ even though 2/3 of Na and water have been reabsorbed
unchanged
39
within the proximal tubule Cl is ___ and its [ ] ____
left behind ; increases
40
in the descending limb of the loop of henle, solutes are reabsorbed ____ water (w/ or w/o?)
with
41
in the ascending loop of henle, solutes are reabsorbed ____ water ( w/ or w/o)?
without
42
in the ascending section of the loop of henle, the ___ membrane is water-impermeable
apical
43
where are NKCC channels located in the ascending loop of henle?
apical membrane
44
where are Na K atpase found in the ascending loop of henle?
basolateral membrane
45
reabsorption of salt (NaCl) without water reduces the ___, while maintaining the __
urine osmolarity; urine volume
46
in the ascending loop of henle, transport of Cl is ___in and ___ out and Na is ___ in and __ out
active; passive; passive; active
47
reabsorption of salt without water does what to urine osmolarity?
reduces
48
what is the osmolarity of urine when it eneters the distal tubule?
hypoosmotic
49
reabsorption of Ca in the early distal tubule is dependent on ___
parathyroid hormone
50
____ regulated water reabsorption in the late distal tubule means excreted urine can by hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic
ADH
51
the secretion of K in the late distal tubule is ___ to maintain body fluid balance
variable
52
a small amount of Na is reabsorbed in the late distal tubule and collecting duct by Na/K pumps, and ion channels stimulated by ___
aldosterone
53
reabsorption of HCO3 in the late distal tubule / collecting duct depends on ___
H secretion (antiporters
54
t/f extracellular K concentrations must be very tightly controlled as they can be fatal
true
55
what are the hormones that regulate the reabsorption of water, Na, Ca, and K?
1. ADH / vasopressin 2. aldosterone 3. atrial natriuretic peptide 4. parathyroid hormone
56
what is the major trigger for ADH
increased osmolarity of extracellular fluid, or decreased blood volume
57
what is the effect of ADH?
increase water reabsorption
58
what is the major trigger for aldosterone?
increased angiotensin and K
59
what is the effect of aldosterone?
increase K secretion and Na reabsorption and increased water reabsoprtion in presence of ADH
60
what is the trigger for ANP?
atrial stretching
61
what is the effect of ANP?
increase Na urine excretion and increase urine output volume
62
what is the trigger for parathyroid hormone?
decreased plasma Ca
63
what is the effect of parathyroid hormone?
increase Ca reabsorption
64
how is Na reabsorbed in the proximal tube?
Na dependent co-transporters
65
how is Na reabsorbed in the loop of henle?
NKCC
66
how is Na reabsorbed in the distal tubule?
NCC
67
how is Na reabsorbed in the collecting duct?
ENAC
68
how is Na reabsorbed in the basolateral membrane?
sodium potassium pump
69
excretion of Na in the urine is very __
low
70
excretion of K in the urine is very __
variable
71
t/f water reabsorption is always passive
true
72
most water is reabsorbed in the ___
proximal tubule
73
___ water reabsorption occurs in the late distal tubule and collecting duct
variable
74
water reabsorption in the late distal tubule and the collecting duct is determined by what hormone?
ADH
75
___ controls the water permeability of the late distal tuble and collecting duct
ADH
76
when ADH is high, there is ____ water reabsorption (More or less)
more

Physiology for Pharmacy (39 decks)

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