Cardiology 1: Overview Flashcards
what are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transport / distribute essential substances to tissue
- remove metabolic bi-products from tissue
- contribute to homeostatic mechanisms
In what 3 ways does the cardiovascular system contribute to homeostasis?
- adjustment of O2 and nutrient supply
- maintenance of fluid balance
- regulation of body temperature
the CV system is a ___ system
closed
the lymphatics are similar to veins, except that __
they are dead ends
the lymphatics begin in the ____ and bring ___ to the main part of the CV system
organs / tissues; waste products
the top of the heart is called the
base
the bottom of the heart is called the
apex
even though the heart is filled with blood, it has its very own ___
blood supply and vasculature
the heart has 2 pumps, what divides these two pumps?
septum
the 2 pumps of the heart each have a ___ and ___
atrium and ventricle
the heart contains ___ (#) valves. What is their function?
4; allow for 1 way flow only
the right ventricle pumps blood to the __
lungs
why is the membrane of the right ventricle so much thinner than that of the left ventricle?
the right ventricle only has to pump to the blood and requires less pressure than the left ventricle that has to pump blood to all other regions of the body
what valve separates the right atrium and ventricle
tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve
what valve separates the left atrium and ventricle?
bicuspid or mitral valve
blood enters the right atrium via the __
pulmonary vein
blood exits the left ventricle via the ___
aorta
in the circulatory system, the 2 vascular beds are arranged in ___ and the tissues with systemic circulation are arranged in ___
series; parallel
what is the function of pulmonary circulation?
removes CO2 and absorbs O2
what is the function of the systemic circulation?
delivers o2 and removes co2
the ___ receive blood return from veins and contract to fill ventricles
atria
the ___ contract to generate pressure that ejects blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulations
ventricles
the ___ are low-resistance vessels that transport blood to various organs with little loss of pressure
arteries
the ___ are vessels that regulate 1) the distribution of flow to the various organs and 2) blood pressure by altering resistance to flow
arterioles
the ___ are vessels for exchange of nutrients, metabolic end products, and fluid between blood and tissues
capillaries
the ____ are low-resistance vessels for blood flow back to the heart
venules/veins
what are the 2 circuits of the CV system?
pulmonary and systemic
arteries carry blood ____ (towards or away from)
away from
veins carry blood ____ (towards or away from)
towards
large artery that leaves the heart to the lungs is the ___
pulmonary artery
blood enters the systemic circulation by the ___
vena cava
microcirculation consists of all the vessels between the __ and __
arteries AND VEINS
what vessels are included in microcirculation?
aterioles, capillaries, and venules
