GI 6: Digestion & Absorption of Proteins and Carbohydrates

Question 1

what are the 4 digestive processes?

Answer 1

1. motility
2. digestion
3. secretion
4. absorption

Question 2

what must happen to macronutrients before they can be absorbed?

Answer 2

must be digested

Question 3

t/f sometimes 2-3 amino acid peptides can be absorbed

Answer 3

true

Question 4

triglycerides are broken down into ___ and __

Answer 4

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 5

t/f monoglycerides can be absorbed

Answer 5

true

Question 6

the structure of the digestive tract matches its ___

Answer 6

function

Question 7

absorption of material in the small intestine requires high ___

Answer 7

surface area

Question 8

what is the innermost layer of the small intestine that is in contact with food?

Answer 8

muscosa

Question 9

surface area of esophagus

Answer 9

1cm2

Question 10

surface area of stomach

Answer 10

30cm2

Question 11

small intestine surface area

Answer 11

600cm2

Question 12

surface area of the colon

Answer 12

1cm2

Question 13

the main function of the small intestine is the ___ and ___ of nutrients and water

Answer 13

digestion and absorption

Question 14

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 14

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 15

the duodenum connects to the ____ sphincter

Answer 15

pyloric

Question 16

the ileum connects to the ___ sphincter

Answer 16

ileocecal

Question 17

what are 3 disaccharides?

Answer 17

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 18

the ___ enzyme breaks maltose into ____

Answer 18

maltase; 2 glucose

Question 19

the enzyme ___ breaks sucrose into ___ and ___

Answer 19

sucrase; 1 glucose; 1 fructose

Question 20

the enzyme ___ breaks lactose into ___ and ___

Answer 20

lactase; glucose and galactose

Question 21

glucose polymers (such as ___ and ___) are broken down into disaccharides by ____ enzyme

Answer 21

starch and glycogen; amylase

Question 22

glucose and galactose are absorbed by _____transport by the _____symporter (SGLT)

Answer 22

2ary active; Na

Question 23

fructose is absorbed by what process? through what channels>

Answer 23

facilitated diffusion; GLUT

Question 24

amylase acts mostly in the ____, but is also present in the __

Answer 24

pancreas; mouth

Question 25

what are the 5 enzymes that break down proteins?

Answer 25

1. pepsin (from pepsinogen) 2. trypsin, chymotrypsin 3. amino peptidases, carboxypeptidases

Question 26

pepsin acts in the ____ for partial breakdown of proteins to ___

Answer 26

stomach; peptides

Question 27

trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted by the ___ in inactive forms and are activated in the ___ by ___ and ___

Answer 27

pancreas; small intestine; enteropeptidases and trypsin

Question 28

amino peptidases and carboxypeptidases are found in the ___ and are responsible for the break down into ___

Answer 28

brush border; single AA

Question 29

HCL is secreted by ___cells in the stomach and transforms pepsinogen into ___ which breaks the bonds of proteins

Answer 29

parietal; pepsin

Question 30

pepsinogen is secreted by ___ cells

Answer 30

chief

Question 31

aside from HCL, parietal cells also secrete ___, ___ and ___

Answer 31

gastrin, histamine, Ach

Question 32

endopeptidases include ___ in the stomach and ____ and ___ in the small intestine

Answer 32

pepsin; trypsin and chymotrypsin

Question 33

endopeptidases break what type of peptide bonds?

Answer 33

internal

Question 34

exopeptidase break what type of peptide bonds?

Answer 34

terminal

Question 35

exopeptidases can be either ___ or ___

Answer 35

amino peptidases or carboxypeptidases

Question 36

small peptides are absorbed via cotransport with ___ ions

Answer 36

H

Question 37

single AA are absorbed via cotransport with ___ ions

Answer 37

Na

Question 38

small peptides can enter the enterocyte and will be broken down into AA by ____ and then moved across the basolateral membrane by ___ transporters by ___ transport

Answer 38

peptidases; AA; facilitated diffusion