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Physiology for Pharmacy > Renal 1: Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Renal 1: Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

the functional unit of the kidney where urine is formed

A

nephron

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2
Q

urine is initially formed by filtration of ___

A

blood

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3
Q

filtration occurs at the ___ due to ___ differences between urine and bloood

A

glomerulus; pressure

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4
Q

the ___- is regulated to control the rate of urine production

A

GFR

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5
Q

clearance is a measure of

A

how effectively a substance is removed from th eblood by the kidenys

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6
Q

___ can be used to estimate GFR

A

clearance

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7
Q

the human body is a ___ system (open / closed)

A

open

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8
Q

the kidneys excrete ___, ___ and ___

A

water; electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, HCO3, H, Ca, P) and wastes

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9
Q

the kidneys regulate body fluid ___, ___, ___ and ___

A

volume, composition, osmolarity, pH

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10
Q

is water loss to the skin and lung regulated ?

A

no

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11
Q

what are the 3 ways the body gains water?

A

metabolic water, ingested foods and ingested liquids

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12
Q

blood enters the kidney by the __

A

renal artery

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13
Q

blood exits the kidney by the __

A

renal vein

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14
Q

urine exits the kidney by the ___

A

ureter

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15
Q

urine is formed in the __

A

renal corpuscle

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16
Q

t/f the urine has close contact with blood in the bowmans capsule / glomerulus

A

t

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17
Q

what are the 3 layers of glomerular filtration barrier?

A
  1. fenestration (pore) of the glomerular endothelial cell
  2. basement membrane of glomerulus
  3. slit membrane between pedicels
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18
Q

substances are filtered on the basis of ___ and ___

A

size and charge

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19
Q

what size passes best in filtration?

A

small

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20
Q

what charge passes best in filtration?

A

positive

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21
Q

podocytes are also known as ___ cells

A

mesengial

22
Q

t/f filtrate must pass through the barriers of the bowman/s capsule in series

A

true

23
Q

is the perfusion high or low in the glomerulus?

A

high

24
Q

RPF / RBF stand for

A

renal plasma flow and renal blood flow

25
Q

the filtration fraction

A

GFR over renal plasma flow

26
Q

__-% of what is filtered is reabsorbed

A

99

27
Q

___% of what is filtered is excreted

A

1

28
Q

what are the 4 pressures in the bowman’s capsule (glomerulus) that contribut e tp net filtration pressure? Are these inward or outward?

A
  1. glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (out)
  2. bowman’s space hydrostatic pressure(in)
  3. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (in)
  4. bowmans space colloid osmotic pressure (out)
29
Q

bowmans space colloid onconic pressure is __mmhG

A

0

30
Q

__- and __ are forces the favour filtration

A
  1. glom capillary hydrostatic pressure

2. bowman’s space colloid osmotic pressure

31
Q

___ and ___ are forces that oppose filtration

A

bowmans space hydrostatic pressure

plasma colloid osmotic pressure

32
Q

what is the greatest filtration pressure?

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

33
Q

what are the effects on glomerular pressure and filtration rate if there is vasoconstriction of the segment before the glomerulus? (afferent)

A

both reduced due to lower blood flow

34
Q

what are the effects on glomerular pressure and filtration rate is there is vasoconstriction of the segment after the glomerulus? (efferent)

A

both increase due to reduced ability of blood to leave the glomerulus

35
Q

___ determines GFR, but ___ and ___ are constant during changes in blood pressure due to ___

A

PGC; GFR and RBF; autoregulation

36
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms for autoregulation?

A
  1. myogenic mechanism

2. tubulogenic feedback

37
Q

explain the process of myogenic mechanism

A

pressure increases –> raise RBF and GFR –> smooth muscle stretch –> smooth muscle cell contration –> increased afferent arteriole resistance –> decreased RBF and GFR

38
Q

in the tubulogenic mechanism of autoregulation, the ___ region of the distal tubule provides feedback to the glomerulus of the ___ nephron

A

macula densa; same

39
Q

the macula densa comes very close to the ___ of the same nephron

A

afferent arteriole

40
Q

describe the process of tubulogenic autoregulation

A

increased pressure –> increased GFr, RBF
–> flow, NaCl sensed by the macula densa –> signal to the JgA –> increased afferent arteriole resistance –> decreased RBf and GFr

41
Q

chronic kidney disease affects __-% of canadians

A

12

42
Q

progressive loss of kidney function results in a decrease in ___

A

GFR

43
Q

t/f gfr is used to measure the health and function of kidney

A

t

44
Q

how do we calculate renal clearance?

A

Cx = concentration of X in urine x urine flow rate all divided by plasma x

45
Q

if Cx < GFR, X is __

A

reabsorbed

46
Q

if Cx > GFR, X is ___

A

excreted

47
Q

is there absorption or secretion of creatinine? what does this mean?

A

no; what is filtered is amount excreted (can measure function of GFR)

48
Q

how do we calculate CrCl (GFR)?

A

GFR = Ucr x volume of urine all divided by plasma cr

49
Q

normal creatinine clearance is

A

80-120 ml/min

50
Q

CLcr in renal disease is __

A

<60 ml/min

51
Q

CLcr in kidney failure is __

A

<15 ml/min

Physiology for Pharmacy (39 decks)

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