Regions of Brain/ Blood Supply and Lesions (4-5 Star!!)

Question 1

• What symptoms would occlusion of anterior cerebral artery produce?

Answer 1

1. motor/ sensory issues of lower limb and foot

• sensory if more posterior; motor if more anterior, can be both
• unilateral occlusion would produce sx on contralateral side

Question 2

*what symptoms would occlusion of middle cerebral artery produce?

Answer 2

1. motor/sensory issues in upper limbs (hand) and face; also affects Broca’s area

Question 3

What symptoms would be seen with Posterior cerebral artery occlusion? Why?

Answer 3

Vision loss–> serves occipital lobe

Question 4

What hemisphere is dominant for most people?

Answer 4

Left (usually opposite to hand you write with, but not always)

Question 5

What deficits seen in Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 5

Can comprehend, but not reply in complete sentences or may put words in wrong order/ leave them out

*non-fluent aphasia; Brocas controls motor function of mouth

Question 6

What deficits seen in Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 6

Cannot comprehend; can speak in full sentences, but they dont make any sense (W = What?)

*fluent aphasia–> Wernicke’s is the associative auditory cortex

Question 7

What deficits seen in Conduction aphasia? What is damaged?

Answer 7

Interuption of arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca’s to Wernicke’s–> Can speak and understand, but CANNOT REPEAT

*no connection between what they hear and what they say since arcuate is lost

Question 8

What is damaged in global aphasia? Deficits?

Answer 8

Both Broca’s and Wernicke’s affected; non-fluent aphasia + impaired comprehension of speech

Question 9

What happens if Broca’s is damaged on the right side (or non-dominant Broca’s aphasia)?

Answer 9

Cannot express emotion or inflection in speech

Question 10

What happens in non-dominant (right side usually) damage to Wernicke’s (non-dominant Wernicke aphasia)?

Answer 10

Cannot understand emotion or inflection in speech

Question 11

Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior.. whaere is lesion? Name of issue?

Answer 11

Bilateral lesion of amygdala–> Kluver- Bucy syndrome

Question 12

Defects in concentration, logical thought, orientation, disinhibition, personality change and reemergence of primitive reflexes

Answer 12

Frontal lobe lesion

*due to atrophy if chronic; ischemia if acute

Question 13

hemispatial neglect

Answer 13

lesion to non-dominant parietal lobe (usually the right)

Question 14

*** inability to write, calculate, finger agnosia and left-right disorientation–> name of issue and where is the lesion

Answer 14

Gertsman syndrome–> lesion in dominant parietal lobe, usually at the angular gyrus

Question 15

Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss with confabulation, personality changes–> where is lesion and what is d/o?

Answer 15

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome–> lesion in mamillary bodies (bilateral); associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency, common cause is alcholism

Question 16

Tremor at rest, chorea

Answer 16

Basal ganglia

Question 17

tremors only when initiating movement (intention tremor), limb ataxia, loss of balance–> where is lesion

Answer 17

Cerebellar hemisphere–> falls to side of lesion; deficits are ipsilateral to lesion

Question 18

truncal ataxia, dysarthria

Answer 18

Cerebellar vermis lesion–> affects things in the midline

Question 19

Amnesia

Answer 19

Hippocampal lesion

Question 20

eyes deviate away from lesion

Answer 20

PPRF

Question 21

eyes deviate toward lesion

Answer 21

Frontal eye field

Question 22

Paralysis of upward gaze–> lesion and what is this symptom called?

Answer 22

Supperior colliculus lesion–> paralysis of upward gaze called Parinaud’s syndrome

Question 23

Carotids come from which aortic arch

Answer 23

3rd

*C is 3d letter of alphabet

Question 24

What three structures are in the carotid sheath

Answer 24

Carotid a (common and internal), internal jugular v, vagus n.

Question 25

Main blood supply to brainstem and cerebellum

Answer 25

1. Vertebral artery

2. Basilar artery

Question 26

Before joining basilar artery, what two arteries does the vertebral give off

Answer 26

1. Anterior spinal a.

2. Posterior inferior cerebellar a.