Regions of Brain/ Blood Supply and Lesions (4-5 Star!!) Flashcards
- What symptoms would occlusion of anterior cerebral artery produce?
- motor/ sensory issues of lower limb and foot
- sensory if more posterior; motor if more anterior, can be both
- unilateral occlusion would produce sx on contralateral side
*what symptoms would occlusion of middle cerebral artery produce?
- motor/sensory issues in upper limbs (hand) and face; also affects Broca’s area
What symptoms would be seen with Posterior cerebral artery occlusion? Why?
Vision loss–> serves occipital lobe
What hemisphere is dominant for most people?
Left (usually opposite to hand you write with, but not always)
What deficits seen in Broca’s aphasia?
Can comprehend, but not reply in complete sentences or may put words in wrong order/ leave them out
*non-fluent aphasia; Brocas controls motor function of mouth
What deficits seen in Wernicke’s aphasia?
Cannot comprehend; can speak in full sentences, but they dont make any sense (W = What?)
*fluent aphasia–> Wernicke’s is the associative auditory cortex
What deficits seen in Conduction aphasia? What is damaged?
Interuption of arcuate fasciculus, which connects Broca’s to Wernicke’s–> Can speak and understand, but CANNOT REPEAT
*no connection between what they hear and what they say since arcuate is lost
What is damaged in global aphasia? Deficits?
Both Broca’s and Wernicke’s affected; non-fluent aphasia + impaired comprehension of speech
What happens if Broca’s is damaged on the right side (or non-dominant Broca’s aphasia)?
Cannot express emotion or inflection in speech
What happens in non-dominant (right side usually) damage to Wernicke’s (non-dominant Wernicke aphasia)?
Cannot understand emotion or inflection in speech
Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior.. whaere is lesion? Name of issue?
Bilateral lesion of amygdala–> Kluver- Bucy syndrome
Defects in concentration, logical thought, orientation, disinhibition, personality change and reemergence of primitive reflexes
Frontal lobe lesion
*due to atrophy if chronic; ischemia if acute
hemispatial neglect
lesion to non-dominant parietal lobe (usually the right)
*** inability to write, calculate, finger agnosia and left-right disorientation–> name of issue and where is the lesion
Gertsman syndrome–> lesion in dominant parietal lobe, usually at the angular gyrus
Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss with confabulation, personality changes–> where is lesion and what is d/o?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome–> lesion in mamillary bodies (bilateral); associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency, common cause is alcholism
Tremor at rest, chorea
Basal ganglia
tremors only when initiating movement (intention tremor), limb ataxia, loss of balance–> where is lesion
Cerebellar hemisphere–> falls to side of lesion; deficits are ipsilateral to lesion
truncal ataxia, dysarthria
Cerebellar vermis lesion–> affects things in the midline
Amnesia
Hippocampal lesion
eyes deviate away from lesion
PPRF
eyes deviate toward lesion
Frontal eye field
Paralysis of upward gaze–> lesion and what is this symptom called?
Supperior colliculus lesion–> paralysis of upward gaze called Parinaud’s syndrome
Carotids come from which aortic arch
3rd
*C is 3d letter of alphabet
What three structures are in the carotid sheath
Carotid a (common and internal), internal jugular v, vagus n.
Main blood supply to brainstem and cerebellum
- Vertebral artery
2. Basilar artery
Before joining basilar artery, what two arteries does the vertebral give off
- Anterior spinal a.
2. Posterior inferior cerebellar a.
