Joint Injuries Flashcards
3 injured elements in the “unhappy triad”
- ACL
- MCL
- Medial mesicus
*what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
*SItS
function of supraspinatus
abducts arm intially (before deltoid; first 15 degrees or so)
function of infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm
functions of teres minor
adducts and laterally rotates arm
functions of subscapularis
medially rotates and adducts the arm
MC injured in rotator cuff
supraspinatus
pitching injury
infraspinatus
spinal segments innervating the rotator cuff muscles
C5-C6
*8 bones of the wrist (from bottom medial to lateral, back to medial on top)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Hamate
- Capitate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
MC fractured bone in wrist
Scaphoid –> is prone to avascular necrosis due to a retrograde blood supply
dislocation of what wrist bone can cause acute carpal tunnel syndrom
Lunate
just medial to scaphoid on the lower row of wrist bones
leading cause of knee pain in patients under 45
Patellofemoral syndrome–> anterior knee pain exacerbated by activity
2 tx for patellofemoral syndrome
- strengthen quadriceps muscle
2. low impact exercise and eliminate excessive stress on knee
pain in medial arch, worse with forst steps in the AM; what is characteristic pain site
Plantar fascitis–> local point tenderness at the medial tubercle of calcaneus
dislocated vs separated shoulder
dislocated–> head of humerus rotates out of glenoid cavity
separated–> clavicle separates from acromion and coracoid process of scapula
shoulder pain with abduction ass. with repetitive over the head activities (tennis, pitching)
shoulder impingement syndrome–> compression of supraspinatus or subacromial bursa by the acromion during abduction
What structures can be damaged in an anterior shoulder dislocation (6)
- Axillary nerve
- Posterior humeral circumflex artery
- Supraspinatus tendon
- Anterior glenohumeral ligaments
- glenoid labrum
- posterolateral humeral head
frozen shoulder due to immobilization ; what two things seen on athrogram
Adhesive capsulitis–> constriction of the joint capsule an loss of axillary and subscapularis spaces
*x-rays are normal
3 ligaments commonly injured during ankle sprain, starting with the most common
- Anterior talofibular ligament (“Always Tears First”)
- Calcaneofibular ligament
- Posterior talofibular ligament
*these are all lateral ligaments
3 common pt populations to get adhesive capsulitis
- pts over 50
- women
- diabetics
housemaids knee
prepatellar bursitis
elbow swelling, nontender
olecrenon bursitis
MC type of hip dislocation
posterior–> femoral head slips out of acebatulum posteriorly
common scenario for a posterior hip dislocation
MVA where knee strikes dashboard with knee slightly abducted
3 structures that can be injured in posterior hip dislocation
- medial and lateral circumflex artery
- femoral vein
- femoral nerve
very common cause of shoulder pain
inflammation of subacromial bursa
