Microbiology--> *stains and general characteristics Flashcards
what do gram + have in their outer cell membrane that is a virulence factor
Lipoteichoic acid –> can stimulate cytokine release (IL-1, IL-6, TNF)
what do gram – have in membrane that is a virulence factor? which part is it found in
LPS (an endotoxin)–> found in outer cell membrane
what is found in the periplasmic space of gram – organisms? what two structures is this space between
- β-lactamases
* periplasmic space is b/n the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrne
mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters or teeth
glycocalyx
adherence of bacteria to cell surfaces
fimbriae
gives rigid support protects form osmotic pressure
peptidoglycan
6 organisms that dont gram stain well
“These Rascals May Micrscopically Lack Color”
- Treponema
- Rickettsia
- Mycobacteria
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella pnemophila
- Chlamydia
*legionella, mycoplasma, and rickettsia are intracellular primarily
8 bacteria with capsules
“Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiny Bodies”
- E coli (some)
- Salmonella typhi
- Pseudomonas aeriginosa
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Klebsiella pnem.
- H. flu B
- Strep pneum.
- group B strep
what 3 organisms cause high mortality in apslenic patients
all encapsulated, but especially:
- Strep pneum
- H. flu B
- Neisseria menigitidis
5 organisms that can be visualized with Giemsa stain
“Certain Bugs Really Try My Patience”
- Chlamydia
- Borrelia b.
- Rickettsiae
- Trypansosomes
- Plasmodium
PAS can be used for what organism
T. whipplei
Ziel-Neelson stain stain what kind of organisms, two examples
acid fast:
- Mycobacteria
- Nocardia
India ink stains what organism
Cryptococcus neoformans (encapsulated yeast)
Silver stain can stain what three organisms
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Legionella
- H. pylori
no cell wall, has sterols
Mycoplasma
