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Rapid fire Facts Flashcards

0
Q

MCC of congenital malformation in US

A

Ethanol use during pregnancy

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1
Q

Most common cause of neural tube defects

A

Folate deficiency

  • MC nutritional deficit in US
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3
Q

MCC of congenital intellectual disability in US?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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4
Q

3 amino acids modfied in the golgi appartus

A
  1. asparagine
  2. serine
  3. threonine
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5
Q

hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

Marfan syndrome

defective fibrillin, which holds together trophoelastin subunits

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6
Q

Heriditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

A

Alport syndrome

(defective Type IV collagen, found in basement membrane of eye, ear, kindey); cant see, cant pee, cant hear high C

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7
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead

A

Bell’s palsy

*if forehead unaffected, think stroke

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8
Q

Ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis

A

Horner’s syndrome

*lesion of spinal cord above T1

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9
Q

Worst HA of life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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10
Q

lucid interval

A

epidural hematoma

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11
Q

Bloody CSF

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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12
Q

MCC of subdural hematoma (anatomically)

A

torn bridging veins

hitting head of old person/ alcoholic; shaking baby syndrome

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13
Q

MCC of epidural hematoma

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery(banch of maxillary)–> frequently secondary to fracture of temporal bone

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14
Q

Urinary incontinence, ataxia, cognitive dysfunction

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (wet, wacky, wild)

*sx due to expansion of ventricles compressing corona radiata

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15
Q

Amyloid deposits in gray matter of brain

A

senile plaques (Alzheimers)

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16
Q

Drooling, sweating, agitated farmer

A

Organophosphate poisoning

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17
Q

Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

Alpha antagonist–> usually phenoxybenzamine (binds irreversibly)

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18
Q

selective A1 antagonist used to treat BPH

A

Tamsulosin–> is specific for alpha 1A, Alpha 1D receptors found in the prostate; little effects on the alpha 1b receptors found in vasculature

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19
Q

continuous machine like heart murmur

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

  • is a non-cyanotic shunt (L to R)
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20
Q

“boot-shaped heart”

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

  • is a sign of right ventricular hypertrophy; can be indicative of pulmonary HTN in adult
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21
Q

rib notching, or pulsating pulses on ribs

A

coarctation of aorta

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22
Q

MCC congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD (ventricular septal defect)

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23
Q

MCC congenital cause of early cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

  • review the 4 issues
  • transposition of the great vessels may be a close 2nd, causes profound cyanosis
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24
Q

bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur

A

aortic regutgitation

  • bounding pulses due to the wide pulse pressures (normal systolic, but diastolic much lower due to loss of blood through incompetent aortic valve
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25
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget's disease of bone
26
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
27
positive anterior drawer sign
torn ACL
28
swollen, hard, painful finger joints (which hand joints involved)
osteoarthritis | DIP and PIP
29
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints (which joints involved)
rheumatoid arthritis | PIP and MIP--> spares the DIPs
30
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout
31
positively birefringent crystals
pseudogout * blue when perpendicular!!--> rhomboid shaped classicaly, but can be needle shaped * big joints, like Knee!
32
negatively birefringent crystals
gout *yellow when parallel--> classically needle shaped
33
HLA-DR4
Rheumatoid arthritis
34
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies , esp with men | "PAIR" = psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBS, Reactive arthritis (aka Reiter's syndrome)
35
bamboo spine on x-ray
ankylosing spondylitis
36
painless oral ulcers plus raised erythematous lesions and photosensitivity
SLE--> painless oral ulcers is a buzzword
37
Anti-smith and anti-ds DNA Abs
SLE *anti-dsDNA Abs is specific for renal manifestations of lupus
38
anti-histone Abs
drug induced SLE
39
anti-centromere Abs
CREST scleroderma
40
anti-topoisomerase I Abs (and what is other name for these)
Systemic scleroderma *scl-70
41
Anti-Ro Abs or anti La Abs
Sjogren's syndrome * Ro = SS-A * La = SS-B
42
facial rash and raynaud phenomenon in young woman
SLE
43
arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
Sjogrens syndrome
44
most common cause of death in SLE
Lupus nephritis/ nephropathy
45
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
46
MC malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma *basal cell > squamous > melanoma
47
MC cancer in men
Prostatic adenocarcinoma
48
MCC of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
49
MC treatment for ED in men
sildafenil or vardafenil
50
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
Koilocytes--> HPV infection
51
DES exposure
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
52
MC tumor in women
Leiomyoma
53
MC gynecologic malignancy in the U.S.
endometrial carcinoma
54
MC gynecologic malignancy worldwide
Cervical CA
55
chocolate cyst of ovary
endometriosis
56
MC benign ovarian tumor
Serous cystadenoma
57
MC malignant ovarian tumor
serous cystadenocarcinoma
58
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-exner bodies--> Granulosa cell tumor
59
MC genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)
60
2nd MC genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X syndrome
61
horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
Turner's syndrome
62
rocker bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
63
MC cancer in women in US
Breast CA
64
MC benign breast tumor
Fibroadenoma (esp in women under 35)
65
MC malignant breast tumor
Invasive ductal carcinoma
66
blue dome cyst in breast
Fibrocystic change
67
Treatment for ER (+) breast CA
Tamoxifen
68
Red, itchy, swollen rash on nipple and areola
Paget's disease of breast *commonly indicates an underlying breast carcinoma, usually ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
69
branching, filamentous Gram (+) rods with sulphur granules
Actinomyces israelii
70
food poisoning due to exotoxin (2)
1. S. aureus (vomiting within 2-3 hours, think mayo) | 2. B. cereus (reheated rice)
71
osteomylelitis in Sickle cell
Salmonella
72
MC medication used for UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
73
MC bacterial infection in a pt. w/ struvite (rams horn) kidney stone
Proteus mirabilis | sometimes S. aureus
74
standard tx for T. palladium
Penicillin
75
cellulitis form dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
76
non-painful, indurated ulcerous lesion
Syphilis chancre--> primary syphilis
77
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condylomata lati--> secondary syphilis
78
Large bulls eye rash
erythema migrans--> Lyme disease
79
calcified granuloma in lung, plus hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon Complex--> primary TB
80
Back pain, fever, night sweats and weight loss
Pott's disease (extrapulmonary reactivated TB, secondary TB)
81
standard treatment regimen for TB
1. Rifampin 2. Isoniazid 3. Pyrazinamide 4. Ethambutol
82
eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
Hyperimmunoglobilin E syndrome (Job syndrome)
83
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocyte
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
84
Toe extension upon stimulating sole of foot with blunt instrument
positive Babinski
85
Hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, positive Babinski
Upper Motor neuron lesion
86
Hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy, fasciculations
Lower motor neuron lesion
87
Depigmentation of substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
88
Chorea, dementia, atrophy of caudate and putamen
Huntington's disease
89
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies (alpha-synulcein deposits)
90
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
91
degenerating dz of dorsal columns
Tabes dorsalis
92
demyelinating dz in a young woman
Multiple Sclerosis
93
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
AML
94
newborn with arm paralysis following labor
Upper trunk (C5-C6) lesion--> Erb-duchenne palsy
95
MCC of dementia
Alzheimers
96
2nd MCC cause of dementia
Vascular (multi-infarct) dementia
97
Extracellular amyloid deposits in grey matter
Amyloid plaques of Alzheimers
98
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimers)
99
intracellular spherical aggrgates of tau protein seen on silver stain
Pick bodies (frontotemporal dementia)

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