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Step 1 > Alpha and Beta Blockers > Flashcards

Alpha and Beta Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

2 non-selective alpha blockers

A
  1. phenoxybenzamine

2. phentolamine

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2
Q

phenoxybenzamine use

A

pheochromocytoma–> irreversible blocks, so even the high levels of catecholamines cannot overcome the blockade

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3
Q

phentolamine use

A

is reversible; given to pts on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods

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4
Q

4 A1 selective drugs

A
  1. Prazosin
  2. Terazosin
  3. Doxazosin
  4. Tamsulosin
  • all have -osin suffix!!
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5
Q

AE of A1 blockers (5)

A
  1. 1st dose orthostatic hypotnesion
  2. dizziness
  3. HA
  4. reflex tachcardia
  5. Rebound HTN on withdrawal
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6
Q

A2 selective antagonist

A

Mirtazepine –> used for depression

*AE: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

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7
Q

5 B1 selective antagonists (“A BEAM”)

A
  1. Acebutolol (partial B agonist)
  2. Betaxolol
  3. Esmolol (short acting)
  4. Atenolol
  5. Metoprolol
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8
Q

4 nonselective B antagonists (b1 = b2) (“Please Try Not Being Picky”)

A
  1. Propanolol
  2. Timolol
  3. Nadolol
  4. Pindolol
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9
Q

nonselective A (vasodilatory) and B antagonists

A
  1. carvedilol

2. labetolol

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10
Q

2 partial B agonsists

A
  1. Acebutolol (B1 selective)
  2. Pindolol (B1 = B2)

*due to weak agonism, act as antagonists, b/c they block the more potent effects of NE and Epi on receptors

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11
Q

6 indications for beta blocker use

A
  1. Angina pectoris ( decrease HR and contractility, leading to reduced 02 demand)
  2. MI (decrease mortality)
  3. Supraventricular tachcardia ( decrease AV node cond.; class II anti-arrhythmic)
  4. HTN (decrease C.O. and renin release)
  5. CHF (slows progression of chronic failure)
  6. Glaucoma ( decreased secretion of aqueous humor)
  7. Hyperthyroidism
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12
Q

what vessel issue are beta blockers the DOC for?

A

aortic dissection

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13
Q

2 drugs used for supraventricular tachycardia

A
  1. metoprolol

2. esmolol

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14
Q

2 drugs used for glaucoma

A
  1. timolol

2. nadolol

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15
Q

what 3 CV adverse effects can beta blockers cause

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. AV block
  3. CHF
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16
Q

what 3 CNS AEs can beta blockers cause

A
  1. sedation
  2. seizures
  3. sleep alterations
17
Q

What two pt populations should beta blockers be used with extreme caution in

A
  1. COPD/ asthmatics

2. diabetics

18
Q

why are beta blockers potentially dangerous for diabetics (2)

A
  1. can cause hypoglycemia (decrease glycogenolysis and glugacon release)
    2, prevent sympathetic symptoms that warn of hypoglycemia
19
Q

why should beta blockers never be given if cocaine intoxication is suspected, even if they would decrease HR?

A

beta blockade would leave A1 free to be stimulated unopposed by B2–> extreme elevation in BP to dangerous levels

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