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z - General Zoology > Quiz 4 and 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

chromosomes in eukaryotes are short and condensed structures visible during ______

A

cell division

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2
Q

identical sister chromatids are bound at the _____

A

centromere

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3
Q

is where microtubules attach during mitosis

A

kinetochore

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4
Q

are TTAGGG sequence repeats at the ends of chromosomes and is important in aging

A

telomere

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5
Q

Nucleic acids have monomers called _____ while proteins are made up of the monomers _____

A

nucleotides
amino acids

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6
Q

The nitrogenous bases are categorized into two. Adenine and guanine are _____ while cytosine, thymine, and uracil are _____

A

purine (A, G)
pyrimidine (C, T, U)

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7
Q

The type of replication that is observed in most of the living systems is _____

A

semi-conservative

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8
Q

lays down RNA primer for the replication of the lagging strand

A

RNA Primase

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9
Q

responsible in the synthesis of new DNA strands

A

DNA Polymerase III

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10
Q

cuts open the double helix to expose the replication templates

A

Helicase

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11
Q

seals the gap between Okazaki fragments at the lagging strand

A

DNA ligase

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12
Q

stabilizes the DNA single strands to prevent them from winding

A

Single-strand binding protein

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13
Q

eukaryotic transcription occurs in what part of the cell

A

nucleus

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14
Q

the protein factor involved in the termination of transcription is called _____

A

Rho factor

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15
Q

the ____ are noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA that will be edited out in a process called ____

A

introns
RNA splicing

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16
Q

_____ and _____ are added in the pre-mRNA to protect itself from the enzymes in the cytoplasm

A

5’cap and poly A tail

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17
Q

_____ enzyme binds an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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18
Q

in translation, _____ carries the genetic information for making the protein

A

mRNA

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19
Q

translation stops when the ribosome exposes on its A-site any one of the three stop codons ____, ____, and ____.

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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20
Q

what is the start codon

A

AUG

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21
Q

apart from binding tissues together, what are other functions of connective tissues?

A
  • produce blood
  • support
  • store fat and insulates body
  • form sheath
  • protect body against wound and infection
  • helps in body immunity
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22
Q

a specialized junction used by epithelial cells to facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the tissue

A

gap junctions

23
Q

unicellular glands that are known to produce and secrete mucus

A

goblet cells

24
Q

enumerate functions of epithelial tissues

A
  • protection
  • control permeability
  • sensation
  • secretions
25
Q

the ability to respond to a stimulus, which may be delivered from a motor neuron or a hormone

A

excitability

26
Q

the inorganic material that forms the ground substance in cartilage is _____

A

chondroitin sulphate

27
Q

ground substance of bones

A

hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)

28
Q

the glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons and neurons are the

A
  • oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
29
Q

three examples of loose connective tissue

A
  1. areolar
  2. adipose
  3. reticular
30
Q

tendons and ligaments are examples of ____ and ____ dense connective tissues

A
  • white fibrous tissue
  • yellow elastic tissue
31
Q

in bone tissues, the development of bones involves ____ cells while bone remodeling to prevent super dense tissue is by ____

A

osteoblast
osteoclast

32
Q

when plasma leaks out of the blood vessels and goes into the surrounding tissues, it becomes the

A

interstitial fluid

33
Q

the granular leukocytes involved in non-specific immune defense are

A
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
34
Q

these are cells specialized for storing lipids

A

adipocytes

35
Q

which muscle tissue has fibers with multiple nucleus

A

skeletal muscle

36
Q

the gaps between myelin insulation of the axon of neurons where impulses jump as they are transmitted

A

nodes of ranvier

37
Q

three types of neurons based on function

A
  • sensory neurons
  • motor neurons
  • relay neurons (interneurons)
38
Q

cells in connective tissues that are known to produce the organic fibers

A

fibroblast

39
Q

a type of bone tissue that lacks Haversian canal system and Volkmann’s canals

A

spongy bone tissue

40
Q

the vein where the lymph is being drained back into the blood circulation

A

subclavian vein

41
Q

the glial cells that help form the blood-brain barrier

A

astrocytes

42
Q

an explanation of heredity which holds the idea that the genetic material contributed by parents are passed on as discrete heritable units

A

particulate hypothesis

43
Q

a ____ is a heritable feature that is common to a group of organisms while a ____ is its variant that differentiates every individual

A

character
trait

44
Q

the mating of two contrasting, true-breeding varieties is a process called

A

hybridization

45
Q

the resulting offspring from a mating is considered the first or second ____ generation

A

filial

46
Q

When crossing two true breeding lines, the trait of one parent is observed in the offspring. Such trait is ____ over the other. The trait that was hidden is considered as ____.

A

dominant
recessive

47
Q

the variation in inherited characters is because of the alternative versions of genes called ____

A

alleles

48
Q

in Mendel’s law of segregation, random combination of the gametes results in the ____ phenotypic ratio and ____ genotypic ratio in the F2 generation.

A

3:1
1:2:1

49
Q

the recessive phenotype can only be observed when the genotype is ____

A

homozygous

50
Q

in ____, two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

A

codominance

51
Q

____ is an interaction wherein a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a different locus

A

epistasis

52
Q

a ____ is a diagram that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations

A

pedigree

53
Q

in tracing genetic disorders, there are heterozygous individuals called ____ who carry the recessive defective allele but are phenotypically normal

A

carriers

z - General Zoology (23 decks)

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