Heredity and Evolution

Question 1

long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers

Answer 1

polymer

Question 2

Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions called _____

Answer 2

dehydration reactions

Question 3

Taxonomy: cell to organism

Answer 3

cell > tissues > organs > organ systems > organism

Question 4

Five (5) biomolecules that are important to life

Answer 4

1. Water
2. Carbohydrates
3. Nucleic Acids
4. Proteins
5. Lipids

Question 5

biomolecule that is responsible in storage of hereditary information

Answer 5

nucleic acids

Question 6

• Units of inheritance
• Program the amino acid sequence of polypeptides (proteins)

Answer 6

genes

Question 7

Two (2) types of nucleic acid

Answer 7

1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucleic acid
   (RNA)

Question 8

• stores genetic information
• directs RNA synthesis
• directs protein synthesis through RNA

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

product of DNA and RNA

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

exist as polymers called polynucleotides

Answer 10

nucleic acids

Question 11

Made up of nucleosides and phosphatase groups

Answer 11

Nucleotide monomers

Question 12

Consists of monomers called nucleotides

Answer 12

polynucleotide

Question 13

Made of nucleotides linked by the -OH group on the 3’ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphatase on the 5’ carbon o the next

Answer 13

nucleotide polymers

Question 14

double ring

Answer 14

purine

Question 15

single ring

Answer 15

pyrimidine

Question 16

DNA consists of two __ nucleotide strands

Answer 16

antiparallel

Question 17

Help biologists sort out the evolutionary connections among species

Answer 17

molecular comparisons

Question 18

a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.

Answer 18

central dogma

Question 19

steps of central dogma

Answer 19

1. synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
2. movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore
3. synthesis of protein

Question 20

• Have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
• Consists of one or more polypeptides

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

monomer of protein

Answer 21

amino acid

Question 22

• Organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups
• Differ in their properties due to differing side chains called R (radical) groups

Answer 22

amino acids monomers

Question 23

how many amino acids are there

Answer 23

20

Question 24

amino acid polymers are linked by what?

Answer 24

peptide bonds

Question 25

sickle-cell hemoglobin has a defect on _______

Answer 25

no. 6 in the primary structure