Heredity and Evolution Flashcards
long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers
polymer
Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions called _____
dehydration reactions
Taxonomy: cell to organism
cell > tissues > organs > organ systems > organism
Five (5) biomolecules that are important to life
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic Acids
- Proteins
- Lipids
biomolecule that is responsible in storage of hereditary information
nucleic acids
- Units of inheritance
- Program the amino acid sequence of polypeptides (proteins)
genes
Two (2) types of nucleic acid
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
- stores genetic information
- directs RNA synthesis
- directs protein synthesis through RNA
DNA
product of DNA and RNA
Protein
exist as polymers called polynucleotides
nucleic acids
Made up of nucleosides and phosphatase groups
Nucleotide monomers
Consists of monomers called nucleotides
polynucleotide
Made of nucleotides linked by the -OH group on the 3’ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphatase on the 5’ carbon o the next
nucleotide polymers
double ring
purine
single ring
pyrimidine
DNA consists of two __ nucleotide strands
antiparallel
Help biologists sort out the evolutionary connections among species
molecular comparisons
a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein.
central dogma
steps of central dogma
- synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
- movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore
- synthesis of protein
- Have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
- Consists of one or more polypeptides
proteins
monomer of protein
amino acid
- Organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups
- Differ in their properties due to differing side chains called R (radical) groups
amino acids monomers
how many amino acids are there
20
amino acid polymers are linked by what?
peptide bonds
sickle-cell hemoglobin has a defect on _______
no. 6 in the primary structure
