Chromosomal Basis of Hereditary

Question 1

packed coils of DNA and protein

Answer 1

nucleosome

Question 2

Where are the chromosomes in prokaryote found

Answer 2

nucleoid region

Question 3

control protein synthesis thereby influencing traits

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

end part of the chromosome

Answer 4

telomere

Question 5

sequence of telomere

Answer 5

TTAGGG (500-3000 times)

Question 6

maintains the TTAGGG sequence

Answer 6

telomerases

Question 7

telomere shortens every __?

Answer 7

cell division

Question 8

Four (4) types of chromosomes based on centromeric positions

Answer 8

1. Metacentric
2. Submetacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric

Question 9

when primary constriction divides the arms equally

Answer 9

metacentric

Question 10

short arm, long arm

Answer 10

submetacentric

Question 11

• has a satellite
• very unequal arms
• has secondary constriction

Answer 11

acrocentric

Question 12

what is the satellite used for

Answer 12

barcoding, molecular profiling of species

Question 13

• centromere is found at the end of the chromosome

Answer 13

telocentric

Question 14

short arm

Answer 14

p

Question 15

long arm

Answer 15

q

Question 16

Number of Chromosomes

Answer 16

1. constant for each cell in the body (except sex cells = half sets)
2. constant throughout the life of an organism
3. constant for all members of a species

Question 17

how long does mitosis last

Answer 17

in 16 hours, only 1 hour is spent in mitosis

Question 18

phase when cells do not divide

Answer 18

G0

Question 19

Meiosis difference in mitosis

Answer 19

1. synapsis
2. crossing-over
3. metaphase 1 chromosomes align by pair

Question 20

Substages of Prophase I

Answer 20

1. Leptotene
2. Zygotene
3. Pachytene
4. Diplotene
5. Diakinesis

Question 21

chromatins condense

Answer 21

leptotene stage (leptonema)

Question 22

• synapsis occur
• synaptonemal complex appears
• homologous align along their entire length

Answer 22

zygotene stage (zygonema)

Question 23

• where chromosomes thicken and shorten
• homologous recombination happens because of crossing-over

Answer 23

pachytene stage (pachynema)

Question 24

• characterized by desynapsis
• chiasmata formation
• synaptonemal complex dissolve
• separation start except at the site of crossing-over

Answer 24

diplotene stage (diplonema)

Question 25

• end stage
• chiasmata terminalization
• bivalent are being distributed evenly in the nucleus
• breakdown of nuclear membrane

Answer 25

diakinesis

Question 26

female (XX)

Answer 26

homogametic

Question 27

male (XY)

Answer 27

heterogametic

Question 28

chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Answer 28

autosome