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ZZZ - General Zoology > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 features of the animal kingdom?

A
  1. Cells do not have cell walls
  2. Multicellular
  3. Capable of motion in some stage of their lives
  4. Heterotrophic
  5. Respond quickly to external stimuli
  6. Reproduce sexually
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2
Q

Why are animals able to respond quickly to external stimuli?

A

Because of the nerve cells, muscle or contractile tissue, or both.

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3
Q

Where is the phylogenetic tree of animals based on?

A

Morphological, fossil, and genetic evidence.

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4
Q

What are the nine (9) phyla in the animal kingdom?

A

Phylum:
1. Porifera
2. Cnidaria
3. Platyhelminthes
4. Nematoda
5. Mollusca
6. Annelida
7. Arthropoda
8. Echinodermata
9. Chordata

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5
Q

What characteristic separates Phylum Cnidaria from other phyla?

A

It has radial symmetry while other phyla have bilateral tissue symmetry

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6
Q

What is the phylum that has an asymmetric body?

A

Phylum Porifera

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7
Q

What is the phylum that has a radially symmetric body?

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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8
Q

What are the phyla that have bilateral tissue symmetric body?

A

Phylum:
1. Platyhelminthes
2. Nematoda
3. Mollusca
4. Annelida
5. Arthropoda
6. Echinodermata
7. Chordata

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9
Q

What characteristic separates Phylum Platyhelminthes from other phyla?

A

Other phyla have a body cavity

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10
Q

What are the phyla that are protostomes?

A

Phylum:
1. Nematoda
2. Mollusca
3. Annelida
4. Arthropoda

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11
Q

What are the phyla that are deuterostomes?

A

Phylum:
1. Echinodermata
2. Chordata

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12
Q

What phylum is a pseudocoelomate?

A

Phylum Nematoda

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13
Q

What phyla are protostome coelomates?

A

Phylum:
1. Mollusca
2. Annelida
3. Arthropoda

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14
Q

What phyla are deuterostome coelomates?

A

Phylum:
1. Echinodermata
2. Chordata

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15
Q

How does the Phylum Porifera reproduce?

A

Through sexual and asexual reproduction

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16
Q

Phylum Porifera have __ __ tissues

A

Have no true tissues

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17
Q

Why does the Phylum Porifera have no true tissues?

A

it only has a conglomerate of cells

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18
Q

An organism fixed in one place

A

Sessile

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19
Q

Six (6) main types of herbivores

A
  1. Frugivores
  2. Granivores
  3. Nectivores
  4. Folivores
  5. Xylophages
  6. Detritivores
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20
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly fruits

A

Frugivores

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21
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly seeds

A

Granivores

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22
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly nectar

A

Nectivores

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23
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly leaves

A

Folivores

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24
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly wood

A

Xylophages

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25
Q

Herbivore that eats mostly dead plant material

A

Detritivores

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26
Q

A person who does not eat meat but does eat fish

A

Pescetarian

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27
Q

Three (3) types of carnivores

A
  1. Hypercarnivores
  2. Hypocarnivores
  3. Mesocarnivores
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28
Q

Carnivores whose diet consists of at least 70% meat.

A

Hypercarnivores

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29
Q

Carnivores who consume meat for less than 30% of their diet.

A

Hypocarnivores

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30
Q

Carnivores who depend on meat for at least 50% of their diet.

A

Mesocarnivores

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31
Q

An organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes

A

Hermaphrodite

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32
Q

An organism that either has male or female parts, but not both

A

Dioecious

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33
Q

An organism that has both male and female parts

A

Monoecious

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34
Q

An organism that changes its sex at some point in its life

A

Sequential hermaphrodite

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35
Q

What is the habitat of the Phylum Porifera?

A
  • Marine
  • Freshwater
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36
Q

What are the three (3) types of canal system in Poriferans?

A
  1. Ascon
  2. Sycon
  3. Leucon
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37
Q

the simplest type canal system found in Poriferans

A

Ascon

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38
Q

this type of canal system is slightly complicated and advanced than the asconoid one

A

Sycon

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39
Q

the complex type of canal system

A

Leucon

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40
Q

What are the skeletal elements of the Phylum Porifera?

A
  • Calcium carbonate
  • Silicon
  • Spongin
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41
Q

a large aperture in a sponge through which water is expelled

A

Osculum

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42
Q

the large central cavity of Poriferans

A

Spongocoel

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43
Q

Hundreds of tiny pores in Poriferans

A

Ostia

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44
Q

the distinctive cells that line the interior body walls of Poriferans

A

Choanocytes

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45
Q

Phylum Porifera: The __

A

The Sponges

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46
Q

Bud that have a protective layer because of the harsh environment during its development

A

Gemmule

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47
Q

Phylum Cnidaria: The __

A

The Stingers

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48
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Cnidaria

A
  • Jelly fish
  • Corals
  • Anemones
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49
Q

What are the cells that define the Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Cnidocytes (stinging cells)

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50
Q

Cnidocytes contain an explosive organelle called ___

A

cnidocyst

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51
Q

Cnidocytes are like __

A

harpoons

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52
Q

What is the habitat of the Phylum Cnidaria?

A
  • Marine
  • Freshwater
53
Q

Two (2) body types of the Phylum Cnidaria

A
  1. Medusa
  2. Polyp
54
Q

tubular shape and fastened at their base with the mouth facing the water at the other end of the tube

55
Q

bell-shaped body with hanging tentacles

56
Q

Organ where the mouth of medusa is located

57
Q

What digestive tract does the Phylum Cnidaria have?

A

Incomplete digestive tract

58
Q

Type of reproduction in the Phylum Cnidaria

A

Sexual and asexual

59
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes: The __

A

The Flatworms

60
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Platyhelminthes

A
  • flukes
  • planaria
  • tapeworms
61
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes have three primary germ layers which indicates that they are ___

A

triploblastic

62
Q

Refers to the body of Phylum Platyhelminthes, which is flat from the upper as well as the lower surfaces

A

flattened dorsoventrally

63
Q

What type of body cavity does the Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

A

Acoelomate

64
Q

What types of cephalization does the Phylum Platyhelminthes exhibit?

A

Anterior and Posterior

65
Q

What is the habitat of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

A
  • freshwater
  • marine
  • terrestrial
66
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes are both __ __ and ___

A
  • free-living
  • parasitic
67
Q

living freely and independently, not as a parasite or attached to a substrate.

A

free-living

68
Q

feed off of a host and some also live within the host.

69
Q

What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Platyhelminthes have?

A

incomplete digestive tract

70
Q

What does an incomplete digestive tract look like?

A

mouth = anus

71
Q

What serves as the brain of Phylum Platyhelminthes?

72
Q

A host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if applicable, reproduces sexually.

A

Primary host

73
Q

A host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, during which (usually) some developmental stage is completed.

A

Secondary host

74
Q

Phylum Nematoda: The __

A

Roundworms

75
Q

What is the body of the Phylum Nematoda?

A

unsegmented

76
Q

Phylum Nematoda have three primary germ layers which indicates that they are ___

A

triploblastic

77
Q

The Phylum Nematoda is grossly __

A

polyphyletic

78
Q

What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Nematoda have?

A

Complete digestive tract

79
Q

What type of body cavity does the Phylum Nematoda have?

A

fluid-filled pseudocoelomate

80
Q

What does the longitudinal muscles of the Phylum Nematoda produce?

A

whipping motion

81
Q

Phylum Nematoda are __ which means they are found everywhere

A

Cosmopolitan

82
Q

What is the habitat of the Phylum Nematoda

A
  • terrestrial
  • aquatic
83
Q

Approximately how many species are there in the Phylum Nematoda?

A

~700,000 species

84
Q

Some examples of the Phylum Nematoda

A
  • ascaris
  • whipworm
  • hookworm
85
Q

It refers to the intestinal worms infecting humans that are transmitted through contaminated soil

A

Soil-transmitted helminths

86
Q
  • an infectious syndrome caused by multiple types of hookworms.
  • This is most commonly transmitted by animal feces depositing eggs in the soil, with larvae entering humans through direct contact with skin.
A

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)

87
Q

A condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs, caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes

A

Elephantiasis

88
Q

Phylum Mollusca: __-__

A

Soft-Bodied

89
Q

What type of body does the Phylum Mollusca have?

90
Q

Where can the shells of the Phylum Mollusca be found?

A

internal and external

91
Q

Where can the Phylum Mollusca be found?

A

mostly marine (snails are terrestrial)

92
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Mollusca

A
  • slugs
  • clams
  • squids
  • octopuses/ octopi
93
Q

(Phylum Mollusca) The dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

94
Q

Mollusks possess a __, which is similar to a tongue with teeth-like projections, serving to shred or scrape food.

95
Q

the gill of a mollusc consisting typically of a respiratory structure that resembles a comb or feather

96
Q

A rigid internal structure that supports the squid’s body and runs through the upper part of the mantle, between the paired tail fin

A

Gladius or pen

97
Q

Phylum Annelida: __ __

A

Segmented Worm

98
Q

What type of body cavity does the Phylum Annelida have?

99
Q

What systems does the Phylum Annelida have?

A

specialized systems

100
Q

What type of segmentation does the Phylum Annelida have?

A

Metamerism: true segmentation

101
Q

What type of digestive tract does the Phylum Annelida have?

A

Complete digestive tract

102
Q

Phylum Annelida are __ which means they are found everywhere

A

Cosmopolitan

103
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Annelida

A
  • earthworm
  • tubeworm
  • leech
104
Q

a thickened glandular section of the body wall of some annelids that secretes a viscid sac in which the eggs are deposited.

105
Q

Phylum Arthropoda: The __

A

The Jointed

106
Q

Characteristic of the appendages of the Phylum Arthropoda

A

Jointed appendages

107
Q

What type of body does the Phylum Arthropoda have?

A

Segmented Body

108
Q

What is the skeleton of the Phylum Arthropoda?

A

Exoskeleton

109
Q

The Phylum Arthropoda have chewing mouthparts or __

110
Q

The Phylum Arthropoda undergo __ (egg-larva-adult)

A

Metamorphosis

111
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Arthropoda

A
  • spiders
  • crustaceans
  • centipedes
112
Q

Shedding of exoskeleton of the previous life stage

113
Q

Phylum Echinodermata: The __

114
Q

What is the body symmetry of adult Echinoderms?

A

Radial symmetry

115
Q

Hydraulic system used by echinoderms for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

A

water vascular system

116
Q

What is the internal skeleton of echinoderms made out of?

A

calcium carbonate

117
Q

Echinoderms are capable of ___

A

regeneration

118
Q

Examples of animals in the Phylum Echinodermata

A
  • sea stars
  • brittle stars
  • sea cucumbers
119
Q

a method of autotomy involving the ejection of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy

A

Evisceration

120
Q

Largest phylum in the animal kingdom

A

Phylum Arthropoda

121
Q

What are the four (4) characteristics that set chordates apart from all other phyla?

A
  • notochord
  • pharyngeal gill slits
  • postanal tail
  • hollow dorsal nerve cord
122
Q
  • a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals.
  • rod-like embryological structure, which plays a vital role in the development of the vertebrate
123
Q

openings between the pharynx, or throat, and the outside, which are sued to filter food particles from the water

A

Pharyngeal gill slits

124
Q

tail extends beyond the anus

A

Postanal tail

125
Q

develops into the central nervous system: the brain and the spine

A

Hollow dorsal nerve cord

126
Q

a triangular arrangement of bone that makes up the very bottom portion of the spine below the sacrum

A

coccyx (or tailbone in common term)

127
Q

dorsal: __ ; __:front

A

dorsal:back ; ventral:front

128
Q

Examples of chordates

A
  • tunicates
  • sea squirts
  • lancelets
  • vertebrates
129
Q

Difference between amphibians and reptiles

A

Amphibians can’t live without water (reproduction), while reptiles can live in terrestrial habitats

ZZZ - General Zoology (23 decks)

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