Q4 UCSP Socialization and Social Groups Flashcards
1
Q
Theory by Charles Cooley - “I am not who you think I am. I am not who I think I am. I am who I think you think I am.”
A
The looking Glass Self
2
Q
People have internal conversations broken up into 3 parts according to Cooley:
A
- We try to figure out who we think we are
- We try to understand what other people think of us
- We change based on what we think society thinks of us.
3
Q
Us as individuals aren’t just what we believe we are because
A
It’s a hybrid between what we believe we are and what society thinks of us
4
Q
Summarize The Looking Glass Self Theory
A
- We perceive what others view us to be and who they think we actually are and we mesh that then with who we think we are and then we try to adapt and change and grow from it or and internalize it
5
Q
We perceive what others view us to be and who they think we actually are and we mesh that then with who we think we are and then we try to adapt and change and grow from it or and internalize it and we do this through
A
Socialization
6
Q
According to the Looking Glass Self Theory, who can influence you?
A
Not only people that you’re close with but also people who you’ve never met before.
7
Q
Cooley and Mead agreed on what?
A
other people could play a significant role in how we view ourselves
8
Q
According to _______ everyone a person interacts with could influence their identity
A
Cooley
9
Q
According to _________, the socialization process was somewhat more restricted, only certain people could influence our perception of self and only during certain periods of life.
A
Mead
10
Q
Similar to the Thery of I and Me
A
Egocentrism
11
Q
George Herbert Mead proposed the theory of ___________ in which only our significant others can influence our perception of self
A
The I and the Me
12
Q
3 Stages in the Theory of The I and the Me
A
- Preparatory Stage
- Play Stage
- Game Stage
13
Q
children interact with others through imitation in this stage of the I and Me
A
Preparatory Stage
14
Q
children become more aware of the importance of social relationships in this stage of the I and Me; Role Taking, not only mimicking but creating
A
Play Stage
15
Q
children start to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of what Mead referred to as the “generalized other” or society as a whole in this stage of the I and the Me
A
Game Stage
16
Q
- Children start to realize that people not only perform in ways based what they believe but also on what society expects on them
- They also start to understand that someone can take multiple roles
- They start to be concerned about the reactions of others to what they do. But they don’t really care about the perceptions of everyone. They’re mainly focused on the perceptions of their significant others in their life. (Parents, teachers, close peers, family, relatives)
A
Game Stage
17
Q
response to social self (thinks about what those things in social self means). Individual identity or personal responses to what society thinks.
A
I
18
Q
social self (how generalized other sees us). Society’s view
A
ME
19
Q
Balance of both I and ME
A
Actual self
20
Q
abandon at birth; isolated from humans; raised by animals
A
- Feral child
21
Q
- Discovered by group of hunters (1872) accompanied by wolves in Buladshahr, Uttar Pradesh
- Was orphaned; 6-10 years old
- Walked on all fours; only consumed raw meat; hated wearing clothes; found it difficult to bond with others except for one who was also raised by a wolf
- He adapted human habits with time (eating cooked food; smoking tobacco; but not speaking)
- Died of tuberculosis in 1895
A
Dani Sanichar
22
Q
Author of the book: A journey through the Kingdom of Oude who recorded 6 cases of feral children in 1848-1859
A
William Henry Sleeman
23
Q
Irish Geologist who recorded Dina’s case and authored “Jungle Life in India” in 1880
A
Valentine Ball
24
Q
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
A
- Family
- Peer Groups
- School
- Mass Media
25
first and usually the most important and influential agent of socialization
Family
26
- Types of parenting
1. AUTHORITARIAN - demand that their children conform to their rules without complaining
2. PERMISSIVE - more open and flexible in their judgments and decisions
27
_______ gives meaning and support to the individual from childhood into adulthood.
family
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You acquire most of your information about the world you live from _______
your family.
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offer opportunities for children to test what they have learned at home.
Peers/ Peer Groups
30
Peer Groups are important because
they help people of similar age find a place in society.
31
Peer groups enable a person to produce a set of ______, _______, ________< and _________ that conform to their own.
- Through peer groups, adolescents adopt the viewpoints or the worldviews of others.
behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs
32
It is the children's first experience of an institution that evaluates their behaviors.
School
33
The whole range of activities at school is governed by _______________, and children are evaluated on the basis of ___________________
formal rules and regulations ; how they perform or how they conform to these rules.
34
Learnings obtained from _______ can reinforce what children have learned at home, at school, or in the community.
mass media
35
T or F. Some ideas and values learned from mass media, however, can also come in conflict with those taught by parents, teachers, and other socializing agents.
T
36
forms of Mass Media
Television, Newspapers, magazines, radio, and social media - play an important role in socialization
37
– rules of behavior which define what is right and wrong; acceptable or not; can be understood only within context of one’s culture
Norms
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Dos and Don’ts enforced by sanctions or rewards and punishments
Norms
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standards for evaluating norms
Values
40
products of human interaction which form the bases of how people develop repetitive and stable pattern of social relationships that bring order and meaning in social life.
Norms and Values
41
network of statuses and roles involving the ordering of behavior and relationships in predictable patterns.
Social Structure
42
position of a person in a society
Status
43
2 types of status
A. ASCRIBED – assigned to an individual (age, sex, race)
B. ACHIEVED – individual attains through personal effort or behavior (education, occupation, income, marriage, parenting)
44
set of expected behaviors attached to a status.
Role
45
What is used to illustrate the concept of social structure
Family
46
- Network of positions (father, mother, daughter, son, relatives,) where each member relate to one another repeatedly by shared norms and values
Family
47
behavior that violates norms and values considered by society as important.
Deviance
48
T or F. Deviance depends largely on culture
T
49
(formal/informal) efforts to prevent or correct a deviant behavior or to support conformity.
Social Controls
50
Sanctions applied to people who deviate from violating a norm
Social Controls
51
non-normative; different; outside the mainstream; anything that deviated from what people generally accept as normal.
Deviant
52
attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish, deviance.
Social Control
53
2 Forms of Sanctions
Negative Sanctions – negative social reactions to deviance
Positive Sanctions - affirmative reactions, usually in response to conformity.
54
informal norms. You won’t be arrested for violating these, but breaking them usually results in negative sanctions
Folkways
55
occurs when norms are codified into law, and violation almost always results in negative sanctions from the criminal justice system – the police, the courts, and the prison system.
Formal Sanctioning
56
earliest attempts at scientific explanations for deviance, and crime in particular. Based on the idea that something about a person's essential biology made them deviant.
Biologically Essentialist Explanations
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an Italian physician who theorized that criminals were basically subhuman, throwbacks to a more primitive version of humanity in 1876 and - suggest that deviants could be singled out based on physical characteristics,
Cesare Lombroso
58
U.S. psychologist ____________________- found a relationship between general body type & criminality. Body types & behavior concluded that men who were more muscular and athletic were more likely to be criminally deviant.
William Sheldon
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appeared to confirm William Sheldon’s basic findings on male muscularity and criminal aggression. They countered that a simple correlation between body type and criminality could not be taken as causal evidence.
Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck
60
While some elements of personality may be inherited, psychologists generally see personality as a matter of socialization. So they see deviance as a matter of ________________
improper or failed socialization.
61
the idea that deviance is essentially a matter of impulse control
Containment Theory
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understand deviance as a matter of abnormality.
Biological and psychological explanations
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MAJOR IDEAS that base Sociological approach,
1. Deviance varies according to cultural norms.
2. People are deviant because they’re labeled as deviant.
3. Defining social norms involves social power.
64
Glueck argued, labeling people can become a __________________________________
self-fulfilling prophecy
65
Law is many things, but Karl Marx argued that one of its roles is ___________________________________
as a means for the powerful elite to protect their own interests.
66
Number of People who interact on a regular basis; bound together by roles and statuses and a distinctive set of relationships, and who feel a sense of unity and common identity
Social Groups
67
Collection of People Who happen to be in one place at the same time and who are unaware of each other
Social Aggregate
68
Not considered a social group because their interaction is superficial and not based on common interests
Social Aggregate
69
Collection of people who share similar characteristics but are not engaged in a patterned social interaction and do not have a common identity of membership
Social category
70
Types of Social Groups
1. Primary Group
2. Secondary Group
3. Reference Group
4. In-Groups and Out-Groups
71
Groups that are close-knit, small in size, long-lasting because more intimate; members feel a strong personal identity, feeling of security and protection with the group
PRimary Group
72
Groups that are large, short-term, formal, and specialized, created to meet a specific need
- Fulfill particular function and is in a contractual relationship; formal; less intimate
Secondary Group
73
Groups that serve as guidance for evaluating behavior; standard of evaluation; role models
Reference Groups
74
Person that feels like he/she belongs/identifies with
In-Groups
75
The person feels that he/she does not belong or identifies with
Out-Groups
76
A person achieves his/her goals in creative way or creative solution to address problems that may result to deviant behavior
Innovation
77
A person follows to goals set by society or you adhere to what is expected of you; they conform to what is expected of them
Conformity
78
Opposite of Deviance; you religiously follow the religious ways of achieving your goal without deviant acts
Ritualism
79
Perception of Deviance on a macro level
Structural Functionalism (Emile Durkheim)
80
How people see/perceive us would impact our deviant ways/behavior (stigma)
Symbolic Interactionism
81
Your deviant proclivities would be affected by those who you surround yourself with
Differential Association
82
Opposite of Differential Association; Controlling yourself to avoid the influence of deviant acts
Control theory
83
Explain deviance through power and inequality
Conflict Theory
84
He believed that people were compelled to do deviant things because there are societies that could not provide the expectations set by people; lack of sustenance (With what theory)
Robert Merton; Strain Theory
85
Finding ways even extending effort as to make deviant efforts to achieve their goals
Innovation
86
Devoted to conventional means of achieving goal
Ritualism
87
The person drops out of society and they reject the conventional and unconventional way of achieving their goals
Retreatism
88
Manifested the counterculture way of achieving their goals; deviate in achieving their goals
Rebellion
89
Links deviance to social power
Conflict Theory
90
How deviance is related to how people perceive others and label them
Symbolic Interactionism
91
Theory in how Symbolic Interactionism views deviance
Labeling Theory
92
You confirm with what is being predicted of you; affected by what others say to you;
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
93
predict your future behavior
Prospective Labeling
94
Past is being judged; past could have an impact to your behavior
Retrospective Labeling
95
form of interaction by which people acquire personality and learn the way of life of their society. It is considered the essential link between the individual and society. In fact, ____________ allows the individual to learn the norms, values, languages, skills, beliefs, and other patterns of thought and action that are essential for social living. (Robertson,
socialization
96
process that introduces people to social norms and customs. This process helps individuals function well in society, and, in turn, helps society run smoothly. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers all play roles in a
Socialization
97
Socialization concerns both_________ and _________. It contains three key parts: ____________
social structure and interpersonal relations; context, content and process, and results.
98
refers to the culture, language, social structures and one’s position within that particular society. It also includes history and the roles people and institutions around them performed in the past.
Context
99
also bear strong influence on socialization processes. Cultural expectations for gender roles and gendered behavio
gender stereotypes
100
also plays a factor in socialization. Since white people bear a disproportionate experience of police violence, they can encourage their children to defend and know their rights when the authorities try to violate them. In contrast, parents of color must instruct their children to remain calm, compliant and secure in the presence
race
101
comprise the work of this undertaking. How parents assign chores or tell their children to interact with police are examples of________________ which are also defined by the span of socialization, the methods used, the people involved, and the type of experience.
content and process
102
outcome of socialization and refer to the way a person conceives and conducts after undergoing this process.
Results
