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GRADE 11 > DRRR 1st SUMMA > Flashcards

DRRR 1st SUMMA Flashcards

1
Q

sudden calamitous event bringing great damage , loss, destruction, devastation to life and property

A

disaster

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2
Q

serious disruption of the functioning of society

A

disaster

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3
Q

occurs when a hazard is exposed to a vulnerable community

A

disaster

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4
Q

threat to life; environment and property

A

hazard

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5
Q

failure to withstand the impact of hazards

A

vulnerability

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6
Q

probability that a community’s structure is to be damaged/disrupted by the impact of a hazard

A

disaster risk

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7
Q

nature and origin of disaster

A
  1. Natural Disasters
  2. Human-made/Technological Disasters
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8
Q

Elements of Disaster Risk

A

Hazard; Exposure; Vulnerability

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9
Q

cause damage to life property or environment

A

hazard

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10
Q

any element present in a hazard that is prone to potential loss

A

exposure

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11
Q

feature of the community that makes them prone and exposed to negative impacts of hazard

A

vulnerability

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12
Q

Disaster risk factors

A
  1. Severity of Exposure
  2. Gender and Family
  3. Age
  4. Low/Negative Social Support
  5. Developing Countries
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13
Q

Injury and life threats are the factors that led most often to mental health problems. Studies have looked at severe natural disasters and the findings show that at least half of the survivors suffer from distress or mental health problems that need clinical care.

A

Severity of exposure

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14
Q

The female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain. Conflicts between family members or lack of support in the home make it harder to recover from disasters.

A

Gender and family

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15
Q

Adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.

A

Age

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16
Q

Social support can weaken after disasters. This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their own lives.

A

Low or negative social support

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17
Q

are more vulnerable to natural disasters because people live in areas at high risk from natural disasters (e.g., unsafe urban areas), the housing is poorly built and can be easily damaged in the event of a disaster, countries are not equipped with early warning systems, and they have few assets and a weak social safety network to help them cope with disasters.

A

Developing countries

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18
Q

Other factors specific to the survivor

A

Recovery is worse if survivors:
* Have had no experience dealing with disasters
* Deal with other stressors after the disasters
* Have poor self-esteem
* Feels no one cares for them
* Think they have little control over what happens to them
* Lack the capacity to manage stress

Other factors have also been found to predict worse outcomes:
* Bereavement (death of someone close)
* Injury to self or other family member
* Life threat
* Panic, horror, or feelings like that during the disaster
* Being separated from family
* Great loss of property
* Displacement (force to leave home)

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19
Q

Effects of disasters on human life

A
  1. Displaced Population
  2. Health and Food
  3. Psychological
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20
Q

When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature like floods and super typhoons, many people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions

A

Displaced Population

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21
Q

One consequence of disaster is the threat to the population’s health. Many consequences of a disaster such as the following contribute to the degradation of the population’s health.
presence of stagnant water
lack of clean water
lack of food

Food becomes very limited after an occurrence of a disaster. Consequences of disaster that contribute to limited food supply are as follows:

damaged farms
damaged farm to market roads
the high price of a limited food supply
lack of buying capacity of disaster victims

A

Health and Food

22
Q

The devastating impacts of disaster can be traumatic for any person who has experienced it.

Exposure to deaths and catastrophe can be unforgettable to anyone especially to children.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychological condition from extreme trauma that should be addressed as early as possible to prevent a long term emotional distress.

A

Psychological

23
Q

DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE

A
  1. Physical P
  2. Psychological P
  3. Socio-Cultural P
  4. Economic P
  5. Politica P
  6. Biological P
24
Q

From this view disaster is defined as a phenomenon that can cause damage to physical elements such as buildings, infrastructures, including people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental sources of living.

A

PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

25
Q

Psychological research has shown that disaster can cause serious mental health consequences for victims. These consequences take the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a variety of other disorders and symptoms which have been less investigated.

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

26
Q

One very important component of the recovery phase, aside from relief services, is _______

A

debriefing or psychological support system

27
Q

Other Psychological effects of disaster

A
  • Emotional
  • Cognitive
  • Physical
  • Interpersonal
28
Q

People’s __________ may affect their response to disaster at the different stages of disaster management.

A disaster is analyzed based on how people respond having as parameter their social conditions and cultural settings.

A

Socio-cultural perspective; socio-cultural background

29
Q

The disaster can be defined as a natural event that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the economic system, with a significant negative impact on assets, production factors, output, employment and consumption.

One salient component of assessing the impact of disaster from this view is defining direct economic cost and indirect losses

A

ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

30
Q

Politics are deeply wedded to both the impact of the natural disaster and the subsequent delivery of humanitarian assistance.

Political considerations before, during, and after a natural disaster can determine who is most at risk, who can intervene, what actions will be taken, and who will benefit from those actions

A

POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE

31
Q

Government interventions should be present in the following phases of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management:

A

Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness, and
Recovery

32
Q

The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as ____________
Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large numbers of people within a given community or area. Ex: Dengue.
Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects a much large region, sometimes spanning entire continents or the globe ex. Swine Flue

A

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; biological disaster.

33
Q

Biological disasters can wipe out an entire population at a short span of time.

Effects of Biological Disasters

A

loss of lives
public demobilization
negative economic effect
unemployment
hunger

34
Q

severity of the impacts of disasters and other
extreme weather climate events depends strongly on
the level of ______ and _______ to these events

A

vulnerability and exposure

35
Q

refers to the ‘elements at risk’ from a natural or
man-made hazard event. Elements at risk include

A

Exposure

36
Q

exposure includes:

A
  1. human beings;
  2. dwelling or households and communities;
  3. buildings and structures;
  4. public facilities and infrastructure assets
  5. public and transport system;
  6. agricultural commodities; and
  7. environmental assets
  8. economic activities (intangible element)
37
Q

defined as “the characteristics and
circumstances of a community, system or asset that
make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard”

A
  • Vulnerability
38
Q

Four Main Types of Vulnerability (UNISDR)

A
  1. Physical
  2. Social
  3. Economic
  4. Environmental
39
Q

determined by aspects such as population density levels, the remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing

A

Physical vulnerability

40
Q

refers to the inability of people,
organizations and societies to withstand adverse
impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in
social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural
values.

A

Social Vulnerability

41
Q

The level of vulnerability is
highly dependent upon the economic status of
individuals, communities and nations.

A

Economic vulnerability

42
Q

Natural resource
depletion and resource degradation are key aspects
of _______________________. This is one aspect
that both communities and government must be
sensitive about.

A

Environmental vulnerability.

43
Q

“those elements of physical
environment, harmful to man and caused by forces
extraneous to him.” according to

A

hazards; (Burton et al 1978)

44
Q

A source of potential harm or a situation with a
potential to cause loss. according to

A

hazard; (Standards Australia 2000)

45
Q

natural event that has the potential to cause harm
or loss. according to

A

hazard; asian disaster preparedness center

46
Q

General Classification of Hazards

A
  1. Natural Hazards
  2. Quasi-Natural Hazards
  3. Technological or Human-made Hazards
47
Q

hazards such as earthquakes and floods arise
from purely natural processes in the environment.

A

natural

48
Q

hazards such as smog or desertification
that arise through the interaction of natural
processes and human activities

A

quasi-natural

49
Q

hazards such as the
toxicity of pesticides to agricultural lands, accidental
leaks of chemicals from chemical laboratories or
radiation from a nuclear plant

A

Technological or human-made hazards

50
Q

Types of Hazards (Hewitt and Burton 1971)

A
  1. Atmospheric (Single Element)
    Atmospheric (Combined Elements/Events)
  2. Hydrologic
  3. Geologic
  4. Biologic
  5. Technologic
51
Q

Impacts of Various Hazards on Different Exposed Elements

A
  1. Physical impact
    * Death of people
    * Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like
    transportation system, communication lines
    * Widespread loss of housing
  2. Psychological impact
    * PTSD Depression
    * Marital conflict Chronic anxiety
  3. Socio-cultural impact
    * Displacement of population
    * Loss of cultural identity
    * Forced adoption of new sets of culture
    * Ethnic conflict
  4. Economic impact
    * Loss of job due to displacement
    * Loss of harvest and livestock
    * Loss of farms, fish cages, and other sources of
    living
    * Disturbance of biodiversity
    * Loss of natural rivers and other tributaries
  5. Biological impact
    * Epidemic to people, flora and fauna
    * Chronic and permanent illnesses due to
    nuclear radiation
    * Mental disorder developed from consumption
    of contaminated foods
    * Disturbance of biodiversity
    * Proliferation of different viral and bacterial
    diseases

GRADE 11 (29 decks)

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