DRRR 1st SUMMA

Question 1

sudden calamitous event bringing great damage , loss, destruction, devastation to life and property

Answer 1

disaster

Question 2

serious disruption of the functioning of society

Answer 2

disaster

Question 3

occurs when a hazard is exposed to a vulnerable community

Answer 3

disaster

Question 4

threat to life; environment and property

Answer 4

hazard

Question 5

failure to withstand the impact of hazards

Answer 5

vulnerability

Question 6

probability that a community’s structure is to be damaged/disrupted by the impact of a hazard

Answer 6

disaster risk

Question 7

nature and origin of disaster

Answer 7

1. Natural Disasters
2. Human-made/Technological Disasters

Question 8

Elements of Disaster Risk

Answer 8

Hazard; Exposure; Vulnerability

Question 9

cause damage to life property or environment

Answer 9

hazard

Question 10

any element present in a hazard that is prone to potential loss

Answer 10

exposure

Question 11

feature of the community that makes them prone and exposed to negative impacts of hazard

Answer 11

vulnerability

Question 12

Disaster risk factors

Answer 12

1. Severity of Exposure
2. Gender and Family
3. Age
4. Low/Negative Social Support
5. Developing Countries

Question 13

Injury and life threats are the factors that led most often to mental health problems. Studies have looked at severe natural disasters and the findings show that at least half of the survivors suffer from distress or mental health problems that need clinical care.

Answer 13

Severity of exposure

Question 14

The female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain. Conflicts between family members or lack of support in the home make it harder to recover from disasters.

Answer 14

Gender and family

Question 15

Adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.

Answer 15

Age

Question 16

Social support can weaken after disasters. This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their own lives.

Answer 16

Low or negative social support

Question 17

are more vulnerable to natural disasters because people live in areas at high risk from natural disasters (e.g., unsafe urban areas), the housing is poorly built and can be easily damaged in the event of a disaster, countries are not equipped with early warning systems, and they have few assets and a weak social safety network to help them cope with disasters.

Answer 17

Developing countries

Question 18

Other factors specific to the survivor

Answer 18

Recovery is worse if survivors:
* Have had no experience dealing with disasters
* Deal with other stressors after the disasters
* Have poor self-esteem
* Feels no one cares for them
* Think they have little control over what happens to them
* Lack the capacity to manage stress

Other factors have also been found to predict worse outcomes:
* Bereavement (death of someone close)
* Injury to self or other family member
* Life threat
* Panic, horror, or feelings like that during the disaster
* Being separated from family
* Great loss of property
* Displacement (force to leave home)

Question 19

Effects of disasters on human life

Answer 19

1. Displaced Population
2. Health and Food
3. Psychological

Question 20

When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature like floods and super typhoons, many people have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions

Answer 20

Displaced Population

Question 21

One consequence of disaster is the threat to the population’s health. Many consequences of a disaster such as the following contribute to the degradation of the population’s health.
presence of stagnant water
lack of clean water
lack of food

Food becomes very limited after an occurrence of a disaster. Consequences of disaster that contribute to limited food supply are as follows:

damaged farms
damaged farm to market roads
the high price of a limited food supply
lack of buying capacity of disaster victims

Answer 21

Health and Food

Question 22

The devastating impacts of disaster can be traumatic for any person who has experienced it.

Exposure to deaths and catastrophe can be unforgettable to anyone especially to children.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychological condition from extreme trauma that should be addressed as early as possible to prevent a long term emotional distress.

Answer 22

Psychological

Question 23

DISASTER FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE

Answer 23

1. Physical P
2. Psychological P
3. Socio-Cultural P
4. Economic P
5. Politica P
6. Biological P

Question 24

From this view disaster is defined as a phenomenon that can cause damage to physical elements such as buildings, infrastructures, including people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental sources of living.

Answer 24

PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 25

Psychological research has shown that disaster can cause serious mental health consequences for victims. These consequences take the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a variety of other disorders and symptoms which have been less investigated.

Answer 25

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 26

One very important component of the recovery phase, aside from relief services, is _______

Answer 26

debriefing or psychological support system

Question 27

Other Psychological effects of disaster

Answer 27

- Emotional - Cognitive - Physical - Interpersonal

Question 28

People’s __________ may affect their response to disaster at the different stages of disaster management. A disaster is analyzed based on how people respond having as parameter their social conditions and cultural settings.

Answer 28

Socio-cultural perspective; socio-cultural background

Question 29

The disaster can be defined as a natural event that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the economic system, with a significant negative impact on assets, production factors, output, employment and consumption. One salient component of assessing the impact of disaster from this view is defining direct economic cost and indirect losses

Answer 29

ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

Question 30

Politics are deeply wedded to both the impact of the natural disaster and the subsequent delivery of humanitarian assistance. Political considerations before, during, and after a natural disaster can determine who is most at risk, who can intervene, what actions will be taken, and who will benefit from those actions

Answer 30

POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 31

Government interventions should be present in the following phases of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management:

Answer 31

Prevention Mitigation Preparedness, and Recovery

Question 32

The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as ____________ Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large numbers of people within a given community or area. Ex: Dengue. Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects a much large region, sometimes spanning entire continents or the globe ex. Swine Flue

Answer 32

BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; biological disaster.

Question 33

Biological disasters can wipe out an entire population at a short span of time. Effects of Biological Disasters

Answer 33

loss of lives public demobilization negative economic effect unemployment hunger

Question 34

severity of the impacts of disasters and other extreme weather climate events depends strongly on the level of ______ and _______ to these events

Answer 34

vulnerability and exposure

Question 35

refers to the ‘elements at risk’ from a natural or man-made hazard event. Elements at risk include

Answer 35

Exposure

Question 36

exposure includes:

Answer 36

1. human beings; 2. dwelling or households and communities; 3. buildings and structures; 4. public facilities and infrastructure assets 5. public and transport system; 6. agricultural commodities; and 7. environmental assets 8. economic activities (intangible element)

Question 37

defined as “the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard”

Answer 37

* Vulnerability

Question 38

Four Main Types of Vulnerability (UNISDR)

Answer 38

1. Physical 2. Social 3. Economic 4. Environmental

Question 39

determined by aspects such as population density levels, the remoteness of a settlement, the site, design and materials used for critical infrastructure and for housing

Answer 39

Physical vulnerability

Question 40

refers to the inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values.

Answer 40

Social Vulnerability

Question 41

The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the economic status of individuals, communities and nations.

Answer 41

Economic vulnerability

Question 42

Natural resource depletion and resource degradation are key aspects of _______________________. This is one aspect that both communities and government must be sensitive about.

Answer 42

Environmental vulnerability.

Question 43

“those elements of physical environment, harmful to man and caused by forces extraneous to him.” according to

Answer 43

hazards; (Burton et al 1978)

Question 44

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss. according to

Answer 44

hazard; (Standards Australia 2000)

Question 45

natural event that has the potential to cause harm or loss. according to

Answer 45

hazard; asian disaster preparedness center

Question 46

General Classification of Hazards

Answer 46

1. Natural Hazards 2. Quasi-Natural Hazards 3. Technological or Human-made Hazards

Question 47

hazards such as earthquakes and floods arise from purely natural processes in the environment.

Answer 47

natural

Question 48

hazards such as smog or desertification that arise through the interaction of natural processes and human activities

Answer 48

quasi-natural

Question 49

hazards such as the toxicity of pesticides to agricultural lands, accidental leaks of chemicals from chemical laboratories or radiation from a nuclear plant

Answer 49

Technological or human-made hazards

Question 50

Types of Hazards (Hewitt and Burton 1971)

Answer 50

1. Atmospheric (Single Element) Atmospheric (Combined Elements/Events) 2. Hydrologic 3. Geologic 4. Biologic 5. Technologic

Question 51

Impacts of Various Hazards on Different Exposed Elements

Answer 51

1. Physical impact * Death of people * Destruction and loss of vital infrastructure like transportation system, communication lines * Widespread loss of housing 2. Psychological impact * PTSD Depression * Marital conflict Chronic anxiety 3. Socio-cultural impact * Displacement of population * Loss of cultural identity * Forced adoption of new sets of culture * Ethnic conflict 4. Economic impact * Loss of job due to displacement * Loss of harvest and livestock * Loss of farms, fish cages, and other sources of living * Disturbance of biodiversity * Loss of natural rivers and other tributaries 5. Biological impact * Epidemic to people, flora and fauna * Chronic and permanent illnesses due to nuclear radiation * Mental disorder developed from consumption of contaminated foods * Disturbance of biodiversity * Proliferation of different viral and bacterial diseases