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grade 11 > ES GROUP 3 and 4 > Flashcards

ES GROUP 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Over a long period of time, as plate tectonics meet and subduction occurs, a vast geologic basin that covers the large area of Earth’s surface is formed called

A

ocean basins

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2
Q

cover the largest area of the earth’s surface.

A

ocean basins

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3
Q

Through the ________ and _________, oceanic lithosphere is forced to move under the mantle

A

subduction process and high gravitational energy

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4
Q

four/Five major ocean subdivision

A

Artic
Antarctic
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian

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5
Q

largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin.

A

Pacific Ocean

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6
Q

Partly shallow extension of the continent underwater.

A

Continental shelf

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7
Q

Transition zone of continental shelf and deep ocean floor. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust.

A

Continental slope

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8
Q

It is where the ocean begins. All basaltic and oceanic rocks are found here. It is the place where the sediments from land are washed. The margin starts from continental shelf up to continental rise.

A

Continental rise-

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9
Q

the flattest part of the ocean. 50 % of the earth’s surface

A

Abyssal Plain

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10
Q

not just a piece of land floating up in the middle of the sea, it is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor.

A

Island

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11
Q

an undersea mountain.

A

seamount

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12
Q

__________caused by waves destroyed
the top of a seamount which caused it to be flattened.

A

erosion

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13
Q

the deepest part of the ocean.

A

Trench-

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14
Q

seafloor mountain system which is situated in the
middle of the ocean basin. It is where the upwelling of magma happens which causes
the sea floor to spread.

A

Mid-oceanic ridge

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15
Q

the process of the opening (beginning) and
the closing (end) of an ocean that is driven by

A

Plate Tectonics.

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16
Q

6 Stages of Evolution of the ocean basin

A
  1. Embryonic Ocean Basin
    2.Juvenile Ocean Basin
  2. Mature Ocean Basin
  3. Declining Ocean Basin
  4. Terminal Ocean Basin
  5. Suturing (Continental collision)
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17
Q

Ocean Basin with an Uplift motion. Complex
system of linear rift valleys on continent. Example?

A

Embryonic-
East African
Rift Valleys

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18
Q

Ocean Basin with a diverging motion (spreading). These are narrow seas with matching coasts. Example?

A

Juvenile - Red Sea

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19
Q

Ocean Basin with a diverging motion that has continental margins. Example?

A

Maure- Atlantic And Arctic Oceans

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20
Q

Ocean Basin with convergent motion (subduction). These are islands arcs and trenches around basin edge. Example?

A

Declining-Pacific Ocean

21
Q

Ocean Basin with convergent motion (collision and uplift). These are narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. Example?

A

Terminal - Mediterranean Seas

22
Q

Ocean Basin with convergent motion and uplift. These are young to mature mountain belts. Example?

A

Suturing (Continental collisions) - Himalayas Mountains

23
Q

The entire shape of an ocean floor is called ________

A

bathymetry

24
Q

Along the edge of all ocean basins are ______________These shelves form the rim of the basin, much like the top of a bowl or tub. Following the continental shelf into the ocean, the basin side starts to decline, first gradually and then sharply to form the ________________ and then the ______________. After the rise, intriguing features appear along the ______________, located at the ocean floor. Those features include oceanic ridges (namely abyssal hills, guyots, and seamounts) and oceanic trenches.

A

continental shelves.
continental slope
continental rise
abyssal plain

25
Q

the gradual slope between the coastline and the edge of the ocean basin

A

Continental Shelf

26
Q

a steep drop dividing the continental slope and the ocean basin

A

Continental Slope

27
Q

wide, open, flat plains that stretch out along the ocean basin

A

Abyssal Plain

28
Q

narrow, deep, and steep sided canyons running along some ocean floors. Some of the deepest places on Earth

A

Oceanic Trench

29
Q

is a volcanic mountain on the ocean floor. Seamounts that rise above the water surface are known as islands.

A

Seamount

30
Q

is a mountain range that runs through all the world’s oceans. It forms where tectonic plates pull apart.

A

Mid- oceanic Ridge

31
Q

typically flat or subdued topography, regularly cut by long fracture zones

A

Deep Ocean Basins

32
Q

In this stage, the rift valley is formed while the continent is begins to split. However, before that the ocean basin is experience the rifting and also volcanic at the beginning. The movement that appears in this stage is the uplift of the bottom part of the ocean.

A

Embryonic

33
Q

In this stage, the movement that appears and happens is the subsidence of the ocean bottom and it will spread. The subsidence and the spreading will create the deviation of the continent. And because of the diverge, the seafloor basalt will be created.

A

Juvenile

34
Q

For the ________ stage, the ocean basin experience the widening, trench developing, and the start of subduction.

A

Mature

35
Q

In the _________ stage, the movement that appear and happens is the continuous of the sub-duction. And because of this, the ocean seafloor and also the ocean ridge is being eliminated.

A

Declining

36
Q

in the __________ stage the movement that appears and happens are the uplift and the converge. The uplift and the convergence that is experienced by the ocean basin creating the ocean basin become narrow.

A

terminal

37
Q

In this stage the movement that appears and happens kind of the same with the mature stage which are the uplift and the convergence.

A

Continental Collision (saturing stage)

38
Q

a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock

A

tectonic plate

39
Q

The plates move at a rate of __________inches per year. This is due to the ___________ in the mantle of the Earth.

A

one to two ;convection currents

40
Q

The motion of plates can be described in four patterns

A

collision - wherein two continental plates are moved toward each other.

Subduction - when one plate subsides beneath the other plate.

spreading - which occurs when two plates are move away from each other.

Transform - faulting occur when two plates slide past each other

41
Q

occurs when two plates collide.

A

Convergent plate boundary

42
Q

occur when one or both of the tectonic plates are composed of oceanic crust. The
denser plate is subducted underneath the less dense plate.

A

Subduction zones

43
Q

When oceanic crust meets ocean crust __________ occur.

A

Island arcs and oceanic trenches

44
Q

Areas of active seafloor spreading can also occur behind the island arc known as _________

A

back-arc basins.

45
Q

When oceanic crust meets continental crust, the denser oceanic plate is subducted, often forming a _________ on the continent

A

mountain range

46
Q

When a continental crust collides with another continental crust, both continental crusts are
too light to subduct. This creates ____________

A

large mountain ranges.

47
Q

occur when two plates move away from each other.

A

Divergent plate boundaries

48
Q

The most active divergent plate
boundaries are between oceanic plates which is called______________ This is
also known as underwater mountain range

A

mid-oceanic ridges.

49
Q

are where plates slide passed each other

A

Transform plate boundaries

grade 11 (29 decks)

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