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q2eapp 5-9 Flashcards

1
Q

tool used to gather data on a specific topic of interest

A

research instrument

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2
Q

a research instrument that contains planned questions which are used to measure attitudes, perceptions, and opinions. (can be in the form of an interview or questionnaire)

A

survey

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3
Q

an instrument that allows the researcher to qualitatively gather data. responses are usually open-ended. most effective for qualitative research.

A

interview

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4
Q

most frequently used data collection method in educational and evaluation research. gathers information on knowledge, attitudes, opinions, behaviors, facts

A

questionnaires

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5
Q

elements of questionnaire

A

title
general introduction
specific instructions
personal information section
main questions section (questionnaire item)
thank you

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6
Q

this element of the questionnaire should be clear and precise, helps identify the domain of the survey

A

title

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7
Q

this element of the questionnaire has a description of the purpose of the study, respondent is assured of confidentiality of information

A

general introduction

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8
Q

this element of the questionnaire offers concise demonstration on how to carry on with the business of responding to the questionnaire

A

specific instructions

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9
Q

this element of the questionnaire includes the name (optional), age, date of birth, and other personal information of the respondent. personal information relevant to the research study should be asked

A

personal information section

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10
Q

this part of the questionnaire contains questions that are directly related to the research.

A

main questions section (questionnaire item)

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11
Q

this element ends the questionnaire

A

“thank you”

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12
Q

characteristics of a good questionnaire

A

its significance is stated on the questionnaire or on its covering letter
it is as short as possible without sacrificing content
directions are clear and complete, important terms are clarified
questions are arranged/categorized logically; one question per number
embarrassing, unnecessary questions and biased questions are avoided
correct grammar is ensured, redundancy is avoided, appropriate format is followed

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13
Q

6 tips on developing and testing questionnaires

A

background
questionnaire conceptualization
format and data analysis
establishing validity
establishing reliability
revising and modification

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14
Q

advantages of online survey

A

ease of data gathering
minimal cost
increase in response rate
saves time
convenient

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15
Q

steps in conducting a survey

A

determine who will participate in the survey
decide the type of survey whether form of questionnaire or an interview
design the survey question and layout
distribute/send the survey via social media, email or other means
analyze the responses
write up the results

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16
Q

is a form of a non-experimental research designed to observe behaviours in a natural environment. measures the characteristics of a population by studying individuals in a sample.

A

observational study

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17
Q

advantages of observation study

A

simplest method
accurate and reliable data collection
proximity to real life situations
cheaper than any other data-collection method

18
Q

systematic and scientific approach to research in which one variable is manipulated and the rest of the variables are controlled. uses two sets of variables

A

experimental research

19
Q

stages of conducting experimental research

A

specify the sample groups, selected at random from wide selection of sample population
sample groups are divided into control groups and test groups
determine the time scale and frequency of sampling
independent variable is manipulated, generating usable data set for the dependent variable
raw data are gathered and analyzed by statistical means

20
Q

three types of instruments

A

survey, observational, experimental

21
Q

kind of surveys

A

questionnaires, telephone interviews, personal interviews

22
Q

types of questions in conducting a survey

A

recall, recognition, open-ended

23
Q

type of question that requires specific information such as number of years in service, age, and adrdress

A

recall

24
Q

type of question that is like a multiple choice exam that asks for a response to a question. options are given and format in rating scale

A

recognition

25
Q

the respondent states or writes an answer to the question in their own words

A

open-ended

26
Q

types of observation

A

non-participant and participant observation
structured and unstructured observation
covert and overt observation

27
Q

type of observation where the subjects are being observed by the researcher without interacting with them. observed without their knowing

A

non-participant observation

28
Q

type of observation where the researcher is allowed to actively interact with the subjects, the researcher immerse themselves in a community or group for a long period of time

A

participant observation

29
Q

type of observation where the list of behavior that he/she wants to observe is present to the researcher

A

structured observation

30
Q

type of observation where the researcher allows the behavior to emerge and then documented through in-depth narrative account

A

unstructured observation

31
Q

type of observation where the subjects are not aware that they are being observed

A

covert observation

32
Q

type of observation where the subjects are aware that they are being observed

A

overt observation

33
Q

guidelines in conducting an observation

A

identify the objective
establish recording method
develop questions and techniques
observe and take notes
analyze behaviors and inferences

34
Q

guidelines in conducting an experiment

A

when performing an experiment coordination with laboratory technician or supervisor is a must
during experiment, be presentable and accessible and maintain a relaxed and professional atmosphere
cleanliness must be maintained in the experiment venue
forcing any participant is not allowed, let them fill out an informed consent beforehand
anonymity and confidentiality of the participants must be ensured
everyone’s safety must be ensured

35
Q

6 types of visuals

A

graphs, tables, diagrams, charts, visual image, maps

36
Q

steps in interpreting visuals

A

Read the title and the subtitle.
Read the captions, keys and labels.
Determine the purpose of the material.
Identify the organization of information.
Analyze the relationships of details such as changes and trends.
Make a conclusion of the data, if necessary.

37
Q

is graphical representation of data using symbols that are usually boxes, lines
and arrows. Its general purpose is to show ranks, levels, procedures and classifications.

A

charts

38
Q

two common charts

A

organizational chart, flow chart

39
Q

useful in displaying numbers in columns. It condenses and classifies information to make comparisons between and among data and helps the readers grasp relationships that might be invisible in prose.

A

table

40
Q

is a graphical representation of data using bars for bar graphs, lines for line graphs, circle for pie graphs and pictures for pictographs.

A

graphs

41
Q

guidelines in writing research report

A

50-75% of the paper should be devoted to results and discussion.
cite all your sources whether they are paraphrased or directly quoted.
Use direct quotation sparingly. Paraphrase as much as possible.
Strictly follow the required documentation style.
Topics should be relevant, interesting, current, and manageable in terms of resources, skills needed, and time.
Research questions should directly address the given topic or thesis statement.
Use simple language and avoid verbose words.

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