philo3 Flashcards
general term for the entire human race
Man
refers to man as a species (Homo sapiens or modern human beings)
Human
human being granted certain rights, protection, responsibilities, dignity above all
Person
the state of being a person
personhood
characteristics that distinguish man from other creatures. (feeling, thinking, acting)
Human nature
you’re a person if you have human DNA
Genetic criterion (John Noonan)
You’re a person if you possess consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, capacity to communicate and self-awareness
Cognitive Criterion (Mary Ann Warren)
You’re a person whenever society recognizes you as a person or when someone cares about you
Social Criterion
You are a person if you can feel pleasure and pain
Sentience (Peter Singer)
Personhood comes in degrees, you can have more or less of it
Gradient Theory
Transcendence in Latin
climbing or going beyond
8 Concepts on how human body imposes limitations and possibilities for transcendence
- Dread
- Being others-related
- concern
- guilt-feeling
- conscience
- resoluteness
- temporality
- death
man is simply thrown into the world and is left alone to face what he can do because he did not will for it
Dread
He has to establish relationship with others in this world
Being others-related
moral duty to care for the “other”
concern
“Guilt, remember, is the bind that man experiences when he is humbled and stopped in ways that he does not understand… Guilt results from unused life, from ‘the unlived in us” (Becker, 1973).
Guilt-feeling
primary role in recovering from being “lost or fallen” in this world
Conscience
man’s readiness to be called by conscience
resoluteness
imposes limits to one’s human body
Temporality
the dual nature of human being(Hinduism)
spiritual and immortal essence(soul)
empirical life and character
the basic goal in life is liberation(moksha) of spirit (jiva)
Hinduism
the ultimate aim of this teaching is to help attain good life, and the analysis of the source of suffering
Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
Life is Full of Suffering
Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lust, craving
Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease
Eradication of these desires can be accomplished by following the eightfold path
Eightfold Path
right belief, aspiration, speech, conduct, means of livelihood, endeavor, mindfulness and meditation
