philo 2q

Question 1

Human is center, human is the most significant species, role of man is consumer

Answer 1

Anthropocentrism

Question 2

life is center, role of man is protector

Answer 2

biocentrism

Question 3

ecosystem is center, role of man is steward

Answer 3

ecocentrism

Question 4

“Time brought its revenges, and for
the wrong-doing of existence all
things paid the penalty of death.”

Answer 4

Anaximander, Fragments (Death Sentence)(Beauty in Death)

Question 5

“There is geometry in the
humming of the strings.
There is music in the
spacing of the spheres.”

Answer 5

Pythagoras (Beauty in number)

Question 6

“…he who is cruel to animals
becomes hard also in his dealings
with men. We can judge the heart of
a man by his treatment of animals.”

Answer 6

Immanuel Kant (Beauty as a Symbol of Morality)

Question 7

“Art of Loving” Functions of envisioned society by Erich Fromm

Answer 7

1. The willingness to give up all forms of having, in order to fully be.
2. Being fully present where one is.
3. Trying to reduce greed, hate and illusions as much as one is capable.
4. Making the full growth of oneself and of one’s fellow beings as the supreme goal of living.
5. Not deceiving others, but also not being deceived by others; one may be called innocent but not naïve.
6. Freedom not as a bundle of greedy
   desires but as a delicately balanced
   structure that at any moment is
   confronted with the alternatives of growth
   or decay, life or death.
7. Happiness in the process of evergrowing aliveness, whatever the furthest
   point in that fate permits one to reach, for
   living as fully one can is so satisfactory
   that the concern for what one might or
   might not attain has little chance to
   develop.
8. Joy that comes from giving
   and sharing, not from hoarding and exploiting.
9. Developing one’s capacity for
   love, together with one’s capacity for critical,
   unsentimental thought.
10. Shedding one’s narcissism and accepting that tragic limitations in human existence

Question 8

Environmental Philosophy (Ethical Views regarding the environment)

Answer 8

Environmentalism
Sustainable Development/ Sustainability
Deep Ecology
Social Ecology
Ecofeminism
Environmental Ethics

Question 9

Employed the term “boundless” to convey the further thought that Nature is indeterminate –boundless in a
sense that no boundaries between warm and cold or the moist and dry regions are originally present within it (Solomon & Higgins, 2010).
The evolution of the world begins with the generation of opposites in a certain region of nature.

Answer 9

Anaximander

Question 10

Love of other beings

Answer 10

Biophilia

Question 11

love of other living beings

Answer 11

Cosmophilia

Question 12

nature is a living embodiment of order, harmony and beauty

Answer 12

Pythagoras

Question 13

wrote the critique of judgements
beauty is a symbol of morality
we must ignore practical motives or inclinations instead we should contemplate on the object without being distracted by our desires
the beautiful encourages us that nature and human is part of a bigger design
the orderliness and harmony of nature guides us towards a deeper religious perspective

Answer 13

Immanuel Kant

Question 14

Humanity has dominated nature. There will only be change if we change our attitude towards our environment

Answer 14

Herbert Marcuse

Question 15

We have rights and duties. We can only change the community based on how we react to it.

Answer 15

George Herbert Mead

Question 16

emerged in the 70’s advocating human responsibilities with regard to environmental issues
humankind has the responsibility to safeguard and protect the planet as a steward of creation

Answer 16

Environmental Ethics

Question 17

advocate to address the environmental issues/problems
awareness of the effect of our behavior to our environment

Answer 17

Environmentalism

Question 18

focuses on reconciling human activities and economic development to protect our environment
make wise decisions on the use of natural resources to have enough and left resources for future purposes

Answer 18

Sustainable Development/Sustainability

Question 19

refers to maintaining the state of the environment. human activities should not disrupt the ecosystem and the people that live in the area

Answer 19

Environmental Integrity

Question 20

usage of our natural resources in a conservative way so that the future generation will be able to use them

Answer 20

equity

Question 21

ability to regulate one’s actions and behaviors

Answer 21

prudence

Question 22

being thrifty with ones use of natural resources

Answer 22

frugal

Question 23

applies ecologic and social approach in analyzing society, and sees relationship between social problems and environmental problems
considers climate justice, climate ethics as a significant ethical, social and political issue

Answer 23

Social Ecology

Question 24

refers to the fair distribution of environmental benefits, and burden that comes with environmental challenges

Answer 24

Environmental Justice