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Cardiopulmonary I > Pulmonology - Olinger > Flashcards

Pulmonology - Olinger Flashcards

1
Q

Left lung lobes

A

Superior

Inferior

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2
Q

Left lung lobes separated by

A

Oblique fissure

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3
Q

Right lung lobes

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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4
Q

This separates superior and middle lobes from inferior lobe

A

Oblique fissure

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5
Q

R lung, this separates superior and middle lobes

A

Horizontal fissure

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6
Q

R lung oblique fissure

A

Separates superior and middle lobes from inferior lobes

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7
Q

R lung horizontal fissure

A

Separates superior and middle lobes

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8
Q

Lung apex

A

Superior aspect

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9
Q

Lung costal surface

A

Opposes the rib cage

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10
Q

Lung mediastinal surface

A

Opposes the mediastinum

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11
Q

4 Major components of the lung hilum

A
  1. Pulmonary a.
  2. Pulmonary v.
  3. Main bronchi
  4. Pulmonary ligament
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12
Q

Pulmonary a.

A

Thicker walled of the blood vessels at the pulmonary hilum

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13
Q

Pulmonary v.

A

Thinnest walled structure at pulmonary hilum

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14
Q

Main bronchi

A

Thickest walled structure at the pulmonary hilum, also contains cartilage in the wall

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15
Q

Pulmonary ligament

A

Hanging pleura from the root of the lung, in the hilum

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16
Q

Right lung landmarks

A 
Cardiac impression 
Groove for:
-azygous v.
-esophagus
-SVC
-IVC
-1st rib
-brachiocephalic v.
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17
Q

Left lung landmarks

A 
Cardiac impression
Groove for:
-descending aorta
-1st rib
-subclavian a.
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18
Q

2 parts of anterior border of left lung

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

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19
Q

Cardiac notch

A

Left lung, anterior border

-indention of the anteroinferior aspect of the superior lobe

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20
Q

Lingula of the lung

A

Left lung, anterior border

-thin process of the superior lobe created by the cardiac notch

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21
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Can derive from actual lung tissue or from the bronchi

Can involve the phrenic n., vagus n., and recurrent laryngeal n. due to close proximity of those n. to lungs

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22
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Lung cancer of the bronchi

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23
Q

3 nerves that can be involved in lung CA

A

Phrenic, vagus, recurrent laryngeal

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24
Q

Lung cancer treatment

A

Removal of a lung, a lobe of a lung (lobectomy) or a specific bronchopulmonary segment (secmentectomy) through a procedure called lung resection

25
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Removal of a lung

26
Q

Lung resection

A

Removal of a specific bronchopulmonary segment

27
Q

How many pleura are associated with the lungs total?

A

2 per body. Think of fist in a partially filled balloon.

28
Q

Pleura

A

Paired serous membranes surrounding the lungs

29
Q

2 parts of pleura

A

Parietal

Visceral

30
Q

4 named sections of the parietal pleura

A

Costal - internal surface of the thoracic wall
Mediastinal - lateral mediastinum
Diaphragmatic - superior diaphragm
Cervical - dome shaped over the apex of the lung

31
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Adherent to the lungs (stays adhered), extends into the fissures

32
Q

Pleuritis

A

Inflammation of the pleura producing a roughness on the lungs making breathing difficult

33
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Potential space between the 2 layers of pleura that contains a serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction and produces cohesion through surface tension

34
Q

Pulmonary Collapse

A

Occurs when enough air enters the pleural cavity to break the surface tension between the two layers of pleura. The elasticity of the lungs causes them to collapse

35
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Entry of air into the pleural cavity from a penetrating wound to the thoracic wall or a rupture of a pulmonary lesion into the pleural cavity, results in the collapse of a lung

36
Q

Hydrothorax

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity, usually the result of fluid escape into the pleural cavity or pleural effusion.
Any fluid other than blood

37
Q

Hemothorax

A

Accumulation of blood int he pleural cavity, usually the result of a chest wound, usually the result of laceration of an intercostal vessel or internal thoracic vessel rather than laceration of the lung

38
Q

Lines of pleural reflection

A

Abrupt changes in the direction of the parietal pleura

  • sternal line of pleura reflection
  • costal line of pleura reflection
  • vertebral line of pleural reflection
39
Q

Trachea

A

Extends from the larynx to its first branch point L and R bronchi
-exists in the posterior mediastinum

40
Q

Bronchus order

A 
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchi
Conducting bronchiole
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Alveolar duct
41
Q

Segmental bronchi

A

(aka tertiary)
associated with corresponding bronchopulmonary segment
Branches into conducting bronchiole

42
Q

Conducting bronchiole

A

Devoid of cartilage

Branches into terminal bronchioles

43
Q

Terminal bronchiole

A

Devoid of cartilage

Branches into respiratory bronchioles

44
Q

Respiratory Bronchiole

A

Devoid of cartilage
Capable of gas exchange
Branches into alveolar ducts

45
Q

Alveolar duct

A

Ending at an alveolus
Functional unit of the lung
Primary site of gas exchange

46
Q

1st bronchiole capable of gas exchange

A

Respiratory bronchiole

47
Q

Primary site of gas exchange

A

Alveolar duct

48
Q

Functional unit of the lung

A

Alveolar duct

49
Q

Last bronchi with cartilage

A

Segmental bronchi aka tertiary

50
Q

Which level of bronchus will be on lab practical?

A

Main bronchus

51
Q

Bronchial Asthma

A

Widespread narrowing of the airways produced by contraction of smooth muscle, edema of the mucosa and mucosa in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles

52
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments

A

Pyramid shaped segment with apex at the hilum and base at the pulmonary surface, separated by connective tissue septa, supplied by and named for a dingle segmental bronchus, surgically resectable.

53
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi

54
Q

Foreign Object most likely

A

R main bronchus

-more vertical, shorter

55
Q

Segments of R superior lobe

A

Apical
Posterior
Anterior

56
Q

Segments of R middle lobe

A

Lateral

Medial

57
Q

Segments of R inferior lobe

A 
Superior
Anterior basal
Medial basal
Lateral basal
Posterior basal
58
Q

Segments of L superior lobe

A 
Apical (usually apicoposterior)
Posterior (usually apicoposterior)
Anterior
Superior (Lingular)
Inferior (Lingular)
59
Q

Segments of L inferior lobe

A

Superior
Anterior basal (usually anteromedial basal)
Medial basal (usually anteromedial basal)
Lateral basal
Posterior basal

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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