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Cardiopulmonary I > Pulmonology - Olinger > Flashcards

Pulmonology - Olinger Flashcards

1
Q

Left lung lobes

A

Superior

Inferior

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2
Q

Left lung lobes separated by

A

Oblique fissure

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3
Q

Right lung lobes

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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4
Q

This separates superior and middle lobes from inferior lobe

A

Oblique fissure

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5
Q

R lung, this separates superior and middle lobes

A

Horizontal fissure

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6
Q

R lung oblique fissure

A

Separates superior and middle lobes from inferior lobes

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7
Q

R lung horizontal fissure

A

Separates superior and middle lobes

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8
Q

Lung apex

A

Superior aspect

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9
Q

Lung costal surface

A

Opposes the rib cage

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10
Q

Lung mediastinal surface

A

Opposes the mediastinum

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11
Q

4 Major components of the lung hilum

A
  1. Pulmonary a.
  2. Pulmonary v.
  3. Main bronchi
  4. Pulmonary ligament
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12
Q

Pulmonary a.

A

Thicker walled of the blood vessels at the pulmonary hilum

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13
Q

Pulmonary v.

A

Thinnest walled structure at pulmonary hilum

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14
Q

Main bronchi

A

Thickest walled structure at the pulmonary hilum, also contains cartilage in the wall

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15
Q

Pulmonary ligament

A

Hanging pleura from the root of the lung, in the hilum

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16
Q

Right lung landmarks

A 
Cardiac impression 
Groove for:
-azygous v.
-esophagus
-SVC
-IVC
-1st rib
-brachiocephalic v.
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17
Q

Left lung landmarks

A 
Cardiac impression
Groove for:
-descending aorta
-1st rib
-subclavian a.
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18
Q

2 parts of anterior border of left lung

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

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19
Q

Cardiac notch

A

Left lung, anterior border

-indention of the anteroinferior aspect of the superior lobe

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20
Q

Lingula of the lung

A

Left lung, anterior border

-thin process of the superior lobe created by the cardiac notch

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21
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Can derive from actual lung tissue or from the bronchi

Can involve the phrenic n., vagus n., and recurrent laryngeal n. due to close proximity of those n. to lungs

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22
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Lung cancer of the bronchi

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23
Q

3 nerves that can be involved in lung CA

A

Phrenic, vagus, recurrent laryngeal

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24
Q

Lung cancer treatment

A

Removal of a lung, a lobe of a lung (lobectomy) or a specific bronchopulmonary segment (secmentectomy) through a procedure called lung resection

25
Pneumonectomy
Removal of a lung
26
Lung resection
Removal of a specific bronchopulmonary segment
27
How many pleura are associated with the lungs total?
2 per body. Think of fist in a partially filled balloon.
28
Pleura
Paired serous membranes surrounding the lungs
29
2 parts of pleura
Parietal | Visceral
30
4 named sections of the parietal pleura
Costal - internal surface of the thoracic wall Mediastinal - lateral mediastinum Diaphragmatic - superior diaphragm Cervical - dome shaped over the apex of the lung
31
Visceral Pleura
Adherent to the lungs (stays adhered), extends into the fissures
32
Pleuritis
Inflammation of the pleura producing a roughness on the lungs making breathing difficult
33
Pleural Cavity
Potential space between the 2 layers of pleura that contains a serous lubricating fluid that reduces friction and produces cohesion through surface tension
34
Pulmonary Collapse
Occurs when enough air enters the pleural cavity to break the surface tension between the two layers of pleura. The elasticity of the lungs causes them to collapse
35
Pneumothorax
Entry of air into the pleural cavity from a penetrating wound to the thoracic wall or a rupture of a pulmonary lesion into the pleural cavity, results in the collapse of a lung
36
Hydrothorax
Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity, usually the result of fluid escape into the pleural cavity or pleural effusion. Any fluid other than blood
37
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood int he pleural cavity, usually the result of a chest wound, usually the result of laceration of an intercostal vessel or internal thoracic vessel rather than laceration of the lung
38
Lines of pleural reflection
Abrupt changes in the direction of the parietal pleura - sternal line of pleura reflection - costal line of pleura reflection - vertebral line of pleural reflection
39
Trachea
Extends from the larynx to its first branch point L and R bronchi -exists in the posterior mediastinum
40
Bronchus order
``` Main bronchus Lobar bronchus Segmental bronchi Conducting bronchiole Terminal bronchiole Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct ```
41
Segmental bronchi
(aka tertiary) associated with corresponding bronchopulmonary segment Branches into conducting bronchiole
42
Conducting bronchiole
Devoid of cartilage | Branches into terminal bronchioles
43
Terminal bronchiole
Devoid of cartilage | Branches into respiratory bronchioles
44
Respiratory Bronchiole
Devoid of cartilage Capable of gas exchange Branches into alveolar ducts
45
Alveolar duct
Ending at an alveolus Functional unit of the lung Primary site of gas exchange
46
1st bronchiole capable of gas exchange
Respiratory bronchiole
47
Primary site of gas exchange
Alveolar duct
48
Functional unit of the lung
Alveolar duct
49
Last bronchi with cartilage
Segmental bronchi aka tertiary
50
Which level of bronchus will be on lab practical?
Main bronchus
51
Bronchial Asthma
Widespread narrowing of the airways produced by contraction of smooth muscle, edema of the mucosa and mucosa in the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles
52
Bronchopulmonary segments
Pyramid shaped segment with apex at the hilum and base at the pulmonary surface, separated by connective tissue septa, supplied by and named for a dingle segmental bronchus, surgically resectable.
53
Bronchoscopy
Insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi
54
Foreign Object most likely
R main bronchus | -more vertical, shorter
55
Segments of R superior lobe
Apical Posterior Anterior
56
Segments of R middle lobe
Lateral | Medial
57
Segments of R inferior lobe
``` Superior Anterior basal Medial basal Lateral basal Posterior basal ```
58
Segments of L superior lobe
``` Apical (usually apicoposterior) Posterior (usually apicoposterior) Anterior Superior (Lingular) Inferior (Lingular) ```
59
Segments of L inferior lobe
Superior Anterior basal (usually anteromedial basal) Medial basal (usually anteromedial basal) Lateral basal Posterior basal

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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