Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary I > Cardiology - Olinger > Flashcards

Cardiology - Olinger Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

2 sided
4 chambered
self-initializing
self-adjusting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

R side of heart receives blood from

A

SVC and IVC and pumps it out to the lungs for oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

L side of heart receives blood from

A

Lungs (oxygenated) and pumps it out to the entire body via the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Systemic circulation

A 
L atrium
Bicuspic valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Arterial system
Capillaries
Venous System
IVC and SVC
Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A 
SVC and IVC
R atrium
Tricuspid valve
R ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
R and L lungs
Pulmonary veins
Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer

Made up of visceral serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Myocardium

A

Thick muscular layer made up of spiraling, overlapping layers of cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Lack of blood flow to a specific ares of the myocardium, usually a result of a blockage in Coronary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coronary atherosclerosis

A

Build up of lipids on the internal walls of the coronary arteries decreases the size of lumen and increasing likelihood of embolus or plug blocking a vessel off entirely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Pain that originates in heart and produces a strangling pain of chest. Usually the result of narrow or obstructed coronary arteries that produces ischemia of the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endocardium

A

Thin internal endothelial and sub endothelial layer lining the inside of the chambers of the heart and valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibrous Skeleton of the heart

A

Dense collagenous fibers
Provides attachment points for the myocardium and vales of the cuspid valves
Supports and strengthens Atrioventricular and semilunar orifices
Provides an electrically insulated barrier between the atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 surfaces of the heart

A

Sternocostal - R ventricle
Diaphragmatic - L and R ventricle
Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

R Atrioventricular groove

A

Between the R atrium and R ventricle

Transmits R Coronary a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

L atrioventricular groove

A

Between R atrium and ventricle

Houses Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior interventricular groove

A

Between R and L ventricles on the anterior aspect of heart

Transmits the anterior inter ventricular a and great cardiac v.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior interventricular groove

A

Between R and L ventricles on the posterior aspect of heart

Transmits the Posterior interventricular a. and middle cardiac v.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sulcus terminalis

A

External vertical groove corresponding to the internal Crista Terminalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A

Embryological remnant of the ductus arteriosus

Superior aspect of the pulmonary trunk to the inferior concave border of the aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta to bypass the nonfunctional lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

5 features of the R atrium

A 
Sinus venarum
Pectinate muscle
Crista terminalis
Interatrial septum
-fossa ovalis
Opening for coronary sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Posterior, smooth, thin walled region where the venae cavae and coronary sinus empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pectinate muscle

A

anterior, rough muscular wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Internal ridge separating smooth and rough regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Interatrial septum
wall between the two atria
26
Fossa ovalis
Embryonic remnant of the foramen ovalis
27
Atrial septal defects
Typically incomplete closure of the foramen oval 15-20% of adults have a small patency of their Foramen Ovale - clinically insignificant Larger openings in interatrial septum can be clinically significant as they allow mix of O2 rich and O2 depleted blood
28
R atrioventricular orifice
Passage from R atrium to R ventricle, variably occluded by the tricuspid valve
29
Tricuspid valve
R atrium and R ventricle
30
Chordae tendonae
Attach free edges of cusps to the corresponding papillary muscles
31
Trabecula carnae
Rough muscular region
32
Septomarginal trabeculum aka
Moderator band
33
Septomarginal trabeculum
From inter ventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle, transmits the right bundle branch of AV bundle to the anterior papillary muscle
34
Conus Arteriosus
aka Infundibulum | Smooth-walled, leads into the pulmonary trunk
35
Pulmonary valve
Separates R ventricle from pulmonary trunk
36
Pulmonary sinuses
Space between the wall of the pulmonary trunk and cusps of pulmonary valve
37
Cardiac catheterization
Insertion of catheter into the femoral v. which is then passed up to the IVC allowing radiographic visualization of the R atrium, R ventricle and Pulm trunk and a.
38
Contents of L atrium
Left auricle Openings for 4 pulmonary v Interatrial septum
39
Bicuspic valve
Mitral valve | Separates L atrium from L ventricle
40
Aortic vestibule
Smooth walled, leads into the ascending aorta
41
Interventricular septum
Myocardial wall separating the two ventricles, houses the AV bundle, R and L bundle branches and subendocardial branches
42
Ventricular Septal defects
Due to embryologically divergent tissues particularly susceptible to defects. ALL are clinically relevant as they allow the mix of oxygen rich and depleted blood
43
Beginning of diastole
Aortic and pulmonary valve close due to a drop in pressure inside the ventricles
44
Early diastole
As the ventricles relax the heart lengthens and the AV valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) open flooding the ventricles with blood
45
Diastole
Atrial contraction takes place in the late moments of diastole and expulsion of blood into the ventricles
46
Beginning of systole
AV valves close due to increased pressure in the ventricles
47
Early systole
Ventricles begin to contract thereby increasing the pressure, opening the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve
48
Systole
Full ventricular contraction and expulsion of blood into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
49
Sinoatrial node
Myocardium, where the SVC meets the R atrium Small bundle of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that initiate and regulate impulses that propagates through the atrial walls, via myogenic conduction, producing diastole
50
Atrioventricular node
Small bundle of specialized cardiac muscle fibers in the intertribal septum near the opening of the coronary sinus, responds to the impulse from the SA node that is distributed through the wall of the atrium and distributes that signal through the ventricles
51
Atrioventricular Bundle
Crosses the electrically insulated barrier provided by the fibrous skeleton and distributes the impulse from the AV node into R and L atrioventricular bundle
52
Subendocardial branches
Atrioventricular nodal impulse from the R and L atrioventricular bundle branches first to the inter ventricular septum, then to the papillary muscles, and finally to the rest of the ventricular wall
53
Subendocardial branches aka
Purkinje fibers
54
Artificial Cardia Pacemaker
Produces a regular electrical impulse that is carried to the ventricles via electrodes which are inserted through a large vein to the SVC into the RA past the tricuspid into the endocardium of the Trabecula Carnae of the RV
55
Atrial Fibrillation
Irregular twitching of the atrial cardiac muscle fibers to which the ventricles respond at irregular intervals. Circulation usually remains satisfactory
56
Ventricular Fibrillation
Rapid irregular twitching of the ventricles rendering the heart unable to pump blood. Electric shock administered by electrodes can cease all cardiac movement in hopes that heart may begin beating regularly after a period of time
57
Cardiac referred pain
Ischemia stimulates visceral pain sensory fibers in the heart of the ANS. These visceral sensory fibers often share a spinal ganglion with the somatic sensory fibers of areas such as upper limb and superior lateral chest wall. Referred to area innervated by L medial brachial cutaneous nerve, the L substernal area, L pectoral area and medial aspect of the L upper limb
58
Oblique Pericardial Sinus
Wide recess posterior to the base of the heart
59
Transverse pericardial sinus
Transverse passage traversing the origins of the great vessels
60
Surgical significance of the transverse pericardial sinus
This space allows cardiac surgeons to access the area posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk to clamp or insert the tubes of a bypass machine into these large vessels
61
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium, can make it rough and produce friction Untreated can calcify
62
Pericardial Effusion
Inflammation of pericardium can result in the accumulation of fluid or pus in the pericardial sac which can compress the heart
63
Cardiac tamponade
Heart compression caused by pericardial effusion
64
Pericardiocentesis
Drainage of blood, fluid, or pus from pericardial sac. Usually done to relieve cardiac tamponade

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions