F - Respiratory System - Karius and Cole Flashcards
Respiratory portion lined by
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells supported by a lamina propria with seromucous glands and venous plexus
Mucus contains
Mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B
Antimicrobial molecules
Immuno molecules
What cells rest on the basal lamina and secrete hormones?
Basal cells and neuroendocrine cells (NE, cells of Kulchitsky)
Secrete - serotonin, somatostatin, calcitonin, ADH, ACTH
Smoker’s respiratory epithelium
Metaplasia - changed to stratified squamous
More goblet cells
Smoker’s melanosis - benign focal pigment
Trachealis m.
Smooth m. that narrows during cough reflex
Where does cartilage become irregular plates instead of rings
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Defining characteristics of bronchioles
Cartilage and glands disappear
No gas exchange yet
Club (Clara) Cells
Secrete surfactant that differs from type II alveolar cells
If airway resistance is high airflow
Slow down
More m. effort to produce
What controls the airway resistance? And what is the easiest way to change it?
Smooth m.
Radius
Physiological dead space
Air you took in that did nothing for you + alveolar dead space
In trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Anatomical dead space
In normal person should equal the phys dead space
-150ml
Alveolar dead space
No blood flow to alveolus or no ventilation
Alveolar ventilation
Volume of air reaching the alveoli
Per minute - VA(dot)
4 L/min
= (tidal volume - dead space) x RR
Perfusion
(Q)
From RV
5L/min
