F - Embryo of the Cardiovascular System - Cole

Question 1

How does CV System start to develop?

Answer 1

Cardiac progenitor cells in epiblast migrate to form primary heart field - except part of RV (2’HF)

Question 2

SSRIs and heart defects

Answer 2

Left sidedness

-laterality abnormalities

Question 3

What fuses to form a single primitive heart tube?

Answer 3

Endocardial tubes

Question 4

Embryonic circuit

Answer 4

Aortic arches that connect to dorsal aorta

Separates into systemic and pulmonary portions

Question 5

Extraembryonic vascular circuits

Answer 5

Nutritional circuits
Vitelline - supply and drain yolk sac
Umbilical v. carries O2 blood from placenta
Lost eventually

Question 6

Bulbus cordis

Answer 6

Smooth part of R and L ventricle

Question 7

Sinus Venosus

Answer 7

Sinus venarum, coronary sinus, oblique v. LA

Question 8

RA’s job in heart

Answer 8

Lower RA in more anterior structures (ventricles and outflow tract)

Question 9

Dextrocardia

Answer 9

Heart bends to left instead of right
Heart displace to right with transposition of great vessels
Can be with situs inversus or by itself

Question 10

What is the critical first step in the development of the 4 chambered heart?

Answer 10

The formation and fusion of endocardial cushions

Question 11

Common AV canal

Answer 11

Enlarged pulmonary trunk
Less resistance in the pulmonary circulation than in the systemic circulation
Fix by putting band on pulmonary a.

Question 12

VSDs

Answer 12

25% of all congenital heart defects
R to L shunting
Typically do not affect conduction
Most occur in muscular portion
Membranous defects are more commonly surgical

Question 13

Holt-Oram Syndrome

Answer 13

Heart - hand
ASD
TBX5

Question 14

3 Types of ASDs

Answer 14

Sinus venosus - superior
Secundum (in middle)
Sinus venousus - inferior

Question 15

Changes in the sinus venosus

Answer 15

R horn enlarges as blood is shunted from L to R

Vitelline and umbilical - nutritional circuits

Question 16

Vitelline veins become

Answer 16

Into liver and some GI

Question 17

Ductus venosus

Answer 17

Connects umbilical vein with IVC

bypasses the liver and diverts O2 blood into heart

Question 18

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

Answer 18

Initially blood shunted L to R

Increased pulmonary resistance from VSD leads to R to L shunt and cyanosis

Question 19

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 19

PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta
VDS

Question 20

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 20

Patency promoted by prostaglandin E@

NSAIDs can close

Question 21

Cardinal veins - which ones contribute to SVC and IVC

Answer 21

SVC - anterior

IVC - posterior, subcardinal, supracardinal

Question 22

TAPVR

Answer 22

4 pulmonary veins drain abnormally to the RA

All have ASD

Question 23

Ectopia cordis

Answer 23

heart on the outside of the chest