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Cardiopulmonary I > Hematopoiesis - Cole > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis - Cole Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoiesis regulated by

A

Adhesive interactions between the hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoetic progenitor cells within the bone marrow microenvironment

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis in the placenta

A

High capacity source of live and functional HSC

Provide abundant amounts of CD34+ and CD133+ colony-forming cells

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3
Q

During 7th month of intrauterine life what becomes primary site of hematopoiesis

A

Bone marrow
Red - presence of erythroid progenies
Yellow - adipose cells

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4
Q

Bone marrow

A

1.7 L of marrow contains 10^12 hematopoietic cells
Origin of all T and B cells, mononuclear phagocytes, erythrocytes and other leukocytes in the adult
Blood cells complete maturation immediately adjacent to the dilated vascular channels into which they will emigrate

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5
Q

2 compartments of bone marrow

A

Marrow stromal compartment
Hematopoietic cell compartment
Order: bone - endosteal niche - vascular niche

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6
Q

Marrow stromal compartment

A

Bone marrow - vascular niche

Niche for maintenance, self-renewal and expansion of stem cells

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7
Q

Hematopoietic cell compartment

A

In bone marrow - endosteal niche
Where stem cells live
Located near bone surfaces, forming the endosteal bone marrow

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8
Q

Stem cell niches

A

Maintain stem cells in a quiescent state

After tissue injury, the surrounding micro-enviro actively signals to stem cells to self-renew or differentiate

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9
Q

Bone marrow vascularization

A

Produce hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that regulate production of blood cells
Endothelial cells form barrier that prevents immature from leaving marrow

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10
Q

Marrow adipose cells

A

Local source of energy and synthesize growth factors

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11
Q

Marrow macrophages

A

Remove apoptotic cells and residual nuclei from orthochromatic erythroblasts

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12
Q

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A

Maintain and remodel the cancellous bone surrounding the marrow tissue

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13
Q

Osteopontin

A

Glycoprotein produced by osteoblasts

Negative effect on the number of HSC

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14
Q

Transendothelial migration

A

How hematopoietic cells translocate from the site of growth through the sinusoid wall
Immature hematopoietic cells lack this capacity

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15
Q

3 Populations of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow

A

Hematopoietic stem cells
Committed precursor cells
Maturing cells

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16
Q

HSC in bone marrow

A

Capable of self-renewal

Can be identified by specific cell surface markers

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17
Q

Committed precursor cells in bone marrow

A

AKA multi potential stem cells
Colony forming units (CFUs)
Responsible for the generation of distinct cell lineages
-myeloid or lymphoid lineage

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18
Q

Maturing cells in bone marrow

A

Resulting from differentiation of the committed precursor cell population
-locked into specific lineage

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19
Q

5 Colony-forming units

A

Derive from the myeloid stem cell

  • erythroid CFU
  • megakaryocyte CFU
  • basophil CFU
  • eosinophil CFU
  • granulocyte-macrophage CFU - monocytes and neutrophils
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20
Q

Hematopoietic cytokines

A

Control proliferative and maturational phases of hematopoiesis
AKA hematopoietic growth factors

21
Q

3 major groups of hematopoietic growth factors

A

Colony-stimulating factors
Erythropoietin and thrombopoietin
Cytokines (primarily interleukins)

22
Q

Erythropoiesis lineage sequence

A 
Proerythroblast
Basophilic erythroblast
Polychromatophilic erythroblast
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
23
Q

What cell type in erythroid lineage does EPO work on?

A

Proerythroblast

24
Q

EPO

A

Major regulator of erythropoiesis
In response to hypoxia, stimulates the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells by decreasing the levels of cell cycle inhibitors and increasing cyclins

25
Q

One of the easiest ways and most reliable signs of erythrocyte production?

A

Increase in circulating reticulocytes

26
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

Granulocyte lineage

Granulocytes-macrophage precursor

27
Q

Granulocytes

A

Mitotic ability lost near end of development

Timing can be accelerated in presence of infection or with treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

28
Q

Myeloblasts

A

Undifferentiated cells lacking cytoplasmic granules

29
Q

Promyelocytes and myelocytes

A

Primary granules in cells of neutro, eosin and baso

30
Q

Secondary granules appear in

A

Myelocytes

31
Q

Primary granules do not transform into

A

Specific granules

32
Q

Eosinophilic granules

A

Contain eosinophil peroxidase

33
Q

Basophil granules

A

Peroxidase, heparin and histamine and kallikrein

34
Q

Kallikrein

A

Granule in basophil

-attracts eosinophils

35
Q

Band cell

A

A granulocytic cell that has a nucleus that hasn’t segmented into lobes

36
Q

Lymphocyte maturation

A

Lymphoblasts –> prolymphocytes –> lymphocytes

37
Q

Monocytes

A

G-CSF makes it go to myeloblast pathway

GM-CSF guides to monocyte

38
Q

Monocytes maturation

A

In bone marrow
Monoblasts –> promonocytes –> monocytes
Enter circulation and then enter CT to become macrophages

39
Q

Macrophages

A

Differentiate in tissues

40
Q

G-CSF

A

aka filgrastim
Dose-dependent increase of neutrophils in blood
Used for treatment of neutropenia - after CA or BM transplant
GM-CSF - same thing, less potent

41
Q

Cytokines

A

Mainly act on immature cells by increasing maturation and proliferation

42
Q

Interleukins

A

Function in formation and function of B and T cells

43
Q

IL-3

A

Proliferation of HSC

44
Q

IL-5

A

Eosinophil progeny

45
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

Megakaryoblast –> megakaryocyte –> proplatelet –> platelet (thrombocyte)
Regulated by thrombopoietin

46
Q

Thromboietin

A

Produce in liver

Stimulates development of megakaryocytic from the megakaryocyte CFU into platelets

47
Q

Excess of thrombopoietin

A

Thrombocytosis

48
Q

Deficiency in thrombopoietin

A

Thrombocytopenia

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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