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Cardiopulmonary I > Autonomics - Karius > Flashcards

Autonomics - Karius Flashcards

1
Q

What part of spinal cord does afferent neuron go to?

A

Dorsal

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2
Q

Afferent neuron

A

Sensory info INTO CNS

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3
Q

Efferent neuron

A

Motor info OUT of CNS

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4
Q

Reflex arcs

A

Nervous system is a series of reflex arcs
Sensory input into CNS
Triggers a response
Initiates a motor outflow to ‘do’ something and correct the sensory input

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5
Q

Dr. Karius is cooking and touches hot pan

A

Nociceptors (pain receptors) in hand are brought to threshold and an action potential travels down the nerve to her spinal cord and depolarizes the pre-synaptic membrane of axon from the nociceptors.
The action potentials in the motor neurons going to arm muscles pull hand out of fire before serious damage done

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6
Q

Autonomic Reflex Arc

A

Afferent sensory going in

Autonomic nervous system going out

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7
Q

Autonomic reflex arc - afferent component

A 
May be same as other reflexes - visual, auditory cues
Stimulus often not as discrete
-how much light coming in eye
-do I need more O2
-How is BP
-is intestine or bladder distended
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8
Q

Integration of autonomic reflexes occurs

A

Within the brain, usually at lower levels (brainstem, hypothalamus) rather than the cortex

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9
Q

What is the equivalent of the motor neurons used to produce the withdrawal reflex in the autonomic reflex arc

A

ANS

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10
Q

Autonomic nervous system and the GI tract

A

Controlling smooth muscle, blood flow and the secretion from glands

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11
Q

Sensory information - simple reflex arc

A

Afferent info
From the periphery into the spinal cord
Gives ride to sensory perception, some forms (painful inputs) trigger reflexes

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12
Q

Efferent neuron - simple reflex arc

A

(the alpha-motorneuron)
Causes contraction of muscle to elicit effect
Eg. removing hand from hot pan
The ANS is the efferent arm of our reflexes that control the viscera

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13
Q

How many neurons in the outflow of the ANS

A

2

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14
Q

Pre-ganglionic neuron

A

Starts in CNS (gets message from the brain)
Leaves the CNS
Travels to a ganglion
Where it will synapse on the second neuron in the pathway

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15
Q

Ganglion is

A

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies

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16
Q

The pre-ganglion axon synapses on the

A

Post-ganglionic neuron

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17
Q

3 ways to distinguish between parasymp and symp systems

A
  1. Where the pre-ganglionic fibers leave the CNS
  2. The location of the ganglion
  3. The lengths of the pre- and post-ganglionic axons
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18
Q

Axons of the parasymp. pre-ganglionic axons leave the CNS from the:

A

Cranial

Sacral

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19
Q

In the parasymp. nervous system, the ganglia are located

A

On or near the target organs

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20
Q

In parasymp. the pre-ganglionic fiber is ____ and post-ganglionic axon is ____

A

Long
Short
PLS

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21
Q

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic axons leave CNS from the

A

Thoracic

Lumbar

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22
Q

In the sympathetic system, the ganglia are located

A

In the sympathetic chain just outside the vertebral column

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23
Q

In symp. nervous system, the pre-ganglionic fiber is ____ and post-ganglionic axon is ____

A

Short
Long
SSL

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24
Q

In both symp. and parasymp. the NT released by the pre-ganglionic fiber is

A

ACh

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25
Q

Type of receptor expressed on the post-ganglionic cells’ dendrites for both parasymp and symp.

A

nAChR

26
Q

What happens when ACh is released by pre-ganglionic fiber binds to nAChR on the post-ganglionic cell membrane?

A

Sodium enters cell causing an epsp and eventually leading to an action potential in that neuron

27
Q

en passant synapses

A

ANS - more like mailman throwing mail out of window, not putting in slot

28
Q

Varicosities

A

Little swellings along the length of the axon

Contain the NT

29
Q

ANS efferent synaptic structure

A

The NT diffuses to the effector cell, binds to a receptor and causes something to happen
Because this synapse is not as protected as those we saw before, there is substantial leakage of the NT into the systemic circulation

30
Q

What type of receptor is on the effector cell in the ANS parasympathetic?

A

Muscarinic receptor (vs. nicotinic)

31
Q

Muscarinic receptors

A

4 or 5 different types
All activated by Ach (in the body) and the exogenous substance muscarine
Serpentine receptor
G-protein coupled

32
Q

3 Types of muscarinic receptors

A

M2 (cardiac)
M3
M4 (glands)

33
Q

M2

A

Muscarinic receptor
Cardiac
: decreased cAMP that leads to increased conductance of potassium

34
Q

M3

A

Muscarinic receptor

Same as M2, but not restricted to cardiac

35
Q

M4

A

Muscarinic receptor

Lead to increased IP3/DAG that increases Ca

36
Q

In the sympathetic nervous system, the NT released by the post-ganglionic fiber is

A

NE

37
Q

NE can bind to these receptors

A

Alpha-adrenergic

Beta-adrenergic

38
Q

Alpha-adrenergic receptors

A

Higher affinity for NE than epinephrine
1a, 1b and 1d
2a, 2b, 2c

39
Q

1a, 1b, 1d

a-adrenergic receptors

A

Increase IP3 and DAG that leads to decreased conductance of potassium

40
Q

2a, 2b, 2c

a-adrenergic receptors

A

decrease cAMP that lead to decreased calcium and increased potassium

41
Q

Beta-adrenergic receptors

A

Higher affinity for epinephrine

3 subtypes, all increase cAMP

42
Q

What type of cells produce epinephrine and their location

A

Chromaffin

In the adrenal medulla

43
Q

The adrenal medulla is the equivalent of a

A

Sympathetic ganglion

44
Q

What NT acting at what receptor type is going to tell the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine?

A

Since this is a pre-ganglionic neuron coming in, ACh acting at nicotinic receptors

45
Q

Chromaffin cell primarily releases

A

Epinephrine

*small amts of dopamine and NE because we make epi by first making dopamine, then converting it to NE then to epi

46
Q

Radial muscle of iris

A

Symp
a-adrenergic
Contraction of muscle leads to dilation of pupil
Allows more light in

47
Q

Ciliary muscle of lens

A

Symp
B2-adrenergic receptor
Relaxation of muscle leads to flattening of lens
Focus on far objects

48
Q

Trex is coming what helps you to see where the exit is?

A

Ciliary muscle of eye relaxed leading to flattening of lens

49
Q

Sympathetic heart response

A

B1 and B2-adrenergic receptors

  • increase heart rate
  • increase strength of contraction
50
Q

Sympathetic and vascular smooth muscle

A

a receptors cause contraction

B receptors cause relaxation

51
Q

Most a. and v. have both alpha and beta receptors on them

A 
Heart (not a major player)
Skeletal muscle (strong effect)
Lungs (not a major player)
Abdominal organs
Kidneys
52
Q

Some arterial muscles have only a receptors on them

A

Skin and mucosa (so don’t bleed as much if Trex takes a bite)
Salivary glands
Brain

53
Q

Symp and bronchial smooth muscle

A

B2 receptors
Smooth muscle relaxation
Bronchodilation

54
Q

Symp and bronchial glands

A

a1: decrease secretion
B2: increase secretion

55
Q

Symp and motility

A

a1 and B

Usually decrease motility

56
Q

Symp and sphincters

A

a1 cause contraction

57
Q

Symp and secretion

A

a2: decrease secretion

58
Q

Symp and Liver

A

a1 and B2 receptors

Increase glycogenolysis

59
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Release of glucose

60
Q

Symp and adipose tissue

A

a1, B1 and B3 receptors

Increase lipolysis

61
Q

Parasympathetic response

A 
Activation of radial muscle of eye
Contraction ciliary muscles of lens
Decrease heart rate/contractility
Vasodilation
Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
Digestive organs
Micturition
62
Q

ANS functions as

A

a balancing act, not an all or one system

Unless it is an extreme need - like Trex

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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