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Cardiopulmonary I > Osteology, Arthrology and Myology > Flashcards

Osteology, Arthrology and Myology Flashcards

1
Q

True ribs

A

1 - 7

-attach directly from vertebral segments via their own costal cartilage

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2
Q

False ribs

A

8, 9, 10

-attach from vertebral segments to join the costal cartilage immediately superior to that segment

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3
Q

Floating ribs

A

11, 12

-do not attach to the sternum at all

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4
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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5
Q

Typical ribs

A 
3rd - 9th
Have:
Head - articulates with thoracic vertebrae
Neck
Tubercle
Body - costal groove and angle
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6
Q

3 parts of rib head

A

Superior facet
Crest of head
Inferior facet

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7
Q

1st rib tubercle

A

Scalene tubercle
Right in between
grooves for subclavian v and a

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8
Q

2nd rib tuberosity

A

Tuberosity of serratus anterior

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9
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Thoracic inlet

Communication between the neck and thorax

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10
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture

A

Irregular communication between thorax and abd
Contents - esophagus, IVC, aorta
Boundaries - T12, 11th and 12th ribs, 7-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint

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11
Q

3 Primary divisions of thoracic cavity

A

2 pulmonary cavities - lungs and pleurae

Mediastinum - centrally contains - heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus and thymus

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12
Q

3 Parts of sternum

A

Manumbrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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13
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

superior border of manubrium

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14
Q

Sternal angle (of Louis)

A

Junction of manubrium and body

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15
Q

Manubrium costal notches

A

1st and half of 2nd

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16
Q

Body of sternum costal notches

A

half of 2nd
3rd-6th
half of 7th

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17
Q

Xiphoid process costal notches

A

half of 7th

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18
Q

Costal groove

A

Part of body of rib

Houses intercostal nerve and vessels

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19
Q

Costal angle

A

Part of body of rib

Most common site of fracture

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20
Q

Superior CostalDemifacet on thoracic vertebral body articulates

A

with Inferior articular facet rib of the same number

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21
Q

Crest of the head of the rib

A

Separates the two articular facets

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22
Q

Most common place for a rib fracture

A

Costal angle of the middle ribs

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23
Q

Supernumery ribs

A

In cervical region: thoracic outlet syndrome

-due to close proximity to BP and subclavian a.

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24
Q

11th and 12th rib

A

Only possess single facet on head
NO tubercle or neck
Do not attach to sternum

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25
Transmits spinal cord
vertebral foramen
26
Superior articular process articulates with
inferior articular process of the vertebral segment above
27
7 types of synovial joints
``` Planar Ginglymus Trochoid Condylar Sellar Spheroidal Compound synovial ```
28
4 types of fibrous joints
Sutures Schindylesis Gomphosis Syndesmosis
29
2 types of cartilagenous joints
Synchondrosis | Symphysis
30
Planar joint
flat, arthrodial, non-axial gliding | ex. AC joint
31
Ginglymus joint
hinge, uniaxial | ex. humeroulnar joint
32
Trochoid joint
pivot, unaxial, rotation | ex. atlantoaxial joint
33
Condylar joint
one or two concave surfaces articulationg with one or two convex surfaces, biaxial ex. MCP joint
34
Sellar joint
saddle, both surfaces are convex and concave, biaxial | ex. carpometacarpal joint
35
Spheroidal joint
ball and socket, triaxial, allowing circumduction in all three planes ex. femoroacetabular joint
36
Compound synovial joint
any combination of other synovial joints
37
4 types of fibrous joints
Sutures Schindylesis Gomphosis Syndesmosis
38
Sutures
Fibrous joint Interlocked bone ex. skull sutures
39
Schindylesis
Fibrous joint Tongue-in-groove eg. vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone into the nasal crest
40
Gomphosis
Fibrous joint Peg in socket ex. dental joint
41
Syndesmosis
Fibrous joint bone-ligament-bone ex. radioulnar joint
42
2 types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis | Symphysis
43
Cartilatinous joints
Amphiarthrosis | characterized by bone, cartilage, bone
44
Synchondrosis
Primary cartilagenous joints Characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions of hyaline cartilage, usually between the diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone Ex. epiphyseal plate
45
Symphysis
Secondary cartilagenous joints Characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by fibrocartilage ex. intervertebral disc
46
Manubriosternal
Symphysis Sternal angle 2nd costal notch
47
Xiphisternal
Synchondrosis Inferior limit of the thorax 7th costal notch
48
Sternocostal
Junction of costal cartilages with sternum Rib 1 - synchondrosis 2-7 - synovial planar
49
Type of sternocostal joint at rib one
Synchrondrosis
50
Type of sternocostal at ribs 2-7
Synovial planar
51
2 sternocostal ligaments
Anterior radiate sternocostal l. | Posterior radiate sternocostal l.
52
3 costovertebral ligaments
Radiate l. Intraarticular l. Articular capsule
53
Head of rib articulates with
The inferior costal facet of the superior numeric thoracic and the superior costal facet of the same numeric thoracic vertebral segment Ex. Rib 6 articulates with T5 inferior costal facet and T6 superior costal facet
54
What type of joint is costotransverse?
Synovial planar
55
2 ligaments with costotransverse joints
Lateral costotransverse l. | Superior costotransverse l.
56
2 forms of movement at the costovertebral joint
Both fxn to increase the thoracic volume, thereby decreasing thoracic pressure producing inspiration 1. Bucket handle movement 2. Pump handle movement
57
Bucket handle movement
At costovertebral joint | Elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax
58
Pump handle movement
At costovertebral joint | Elevation of the sternal end of the rib, increasing anterior to posterior diameter of the thoracic
59
Costochondral
Articulation between the ribs and costal cartilages | Synchondrosis
60
Dislocation of ribs
Happens at sternocostal joint
61
Separation of ribs
Happens at costochondral joint
62
Interchondral joint
Between 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9 costal cartilages - planar synovial | Between 9/10 - fibrous joint
63
Type of interchondral joint between 6/7, 7/8. 8/9
Planar synovial
64
Type of interchondral joint between 9/10
Fibrous joint
65
Thoracic vertebral joints - Intervertebral joint type
Symphysis
66
Thoracic vertebral joints - zygopophyseal joint type
Planar symphysis
67
Ligamentum flavum
Pale yellow fibers that travel on ventral surface of vertebral laminae, inside the vertebral canal
68
Interspinous l.
between adjacent spinous processes
69
Intertransverse l.
transverse to transvers | exist as fibrous cords in the thoracic region
70
Supraspinous l.
Most posterior | Travels on the dorsal surface of the spinous processes
71
IVD
Annulus fibrosis - tough outer region | Nucleus pulposus - gelatinous
72
The only intercostal m. for elevate ribs
External intercostal m.
73
External intercostal m.
11 pair | Anteriorly m. fibers are replace by membrane that overlays the internal intercostal m.
74
External intercostal m. fxn
Elevate ribs - inspiration
75
Internal intercostal m.
11 pairs Posteriorly m. fibers are replaced by internal intercostal membrane which is visible in the posterior mediastinum and immediately lateral to vertebral column.
76
Fxn internal intercostal m.
Depress ribs | *interchondral part elevates ribs
77
What innervates all of the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal n.
78
Innermost intercostal m.
11 pair. The deepest fibers of the internal intercostal m. separated from the internal intercostal m. by the intercostal n. and vessels
79
Fxn of innermost intercostal m.
Undetermined, probably same as internal intercostal m. because muscle fibers go same direction
80
Thoracentisis
Insertion of hypodermic needle through intercostal m. to get fluid sample or drain small ants of blood or fluid from pleural cavity. Inserted between ribs inferior to the intercostal neuromuscular bundle, superior to the collateral branches
81
Insertion of chest tube
Insertion of a tube to remove large ants of air, blood, fluid or pus from pleural cavity. Typically 5 or 6th intercostal space
82
Thoroscopy
Insertion of a horoscope into the pleural cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the pleural cavity
83
2 Internal thoracic wall muscles
Transverse thoracic m
84
Transverse thoracic m.
Right behind the sternum | Depress ribs
85
Subcostal m.
Typically appear over the innermost intercostal m. on the internal surface of the post thoracic wall, near the angles of the ribs Probably fxn as the internal intercostal m. - depress ribs

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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