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Cardiopulmonary I > Osteology, Arthrology and Myology > Flashcards

Osteology, Arthrology and Myology Flashcards

1
Q

True ribs

A

1 - 7

-attach directly from vertebral segments via their own costal cartilage

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2
Q

False ribs

A

8, 9, 10

-attach from vertebral segments to join the costal cartilage immediately superior to that segment

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3
Q

Floating ribs

A

11, 12

-do not attach to the sternum at all

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4
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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5
Q

Typical ribs

A 
3rd - 9th
Have:
Head - articulates with thoracic vertebrae
Neck
Tubercle
Body - costal groove and angle
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6
Q

3 parts of rib head

A

Superior facet
Crest of head
Inferior facet

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7
Q

1st rib tubercle

A

Scalene tubercle
Right in between
grooves for subclavian v and a

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8
Q

2nd rib tuberosity

A

Tuberosity of serratus anterior

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9
Q

Superior thoracic aperture

A

Thoracic inlet

Communication between the neck and thorax

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10
Q

Inferior thoracic aperture

A

Irregular communication between thorax and abd
Contents - esophagus, IVC, aorta
Boundaries - T12, 11th and 12th ribs, 7-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint

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11
Q

3 Primary divisions of thoracic cavity

A

2 pulmonary cavities - lungs and pleurae

Mediastinum - centrally contains - heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus and thymus

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12
Q

3 Parts of sternum

A

Manumbrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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13
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

superior border of manubrium

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14
Q

Sternal angle (of Louis)

A

Junction of manubrium and body

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15
Q

Manubrium costal notches

A

1st and half of 2nd

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16
Q

Body of sternum costal notches

A

half of 2nd
3rd-6th
half of 7th

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17
Q

Xiphoid process costal notches

A

half of 7th

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18
Q

Costal groove

A

Part of body of rib

Houses intercostal nerve and vessels

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19
Q

Costal angle

A

Part of body of rib

Most common site of fracture

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20
Q

Superior CostalDemifacet on thoracic vertebral body articulates

A

with Inferior articular facet rib of the same number

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21
Q

Crest of the head of the rib

A

Separates the two articular facets

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22
Q

Most common place for a rib fracture

A

Costal angle of the middle ribs

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23
Q

Supernumery ribs

A

In cervical region: thoracic outlet syndrome

-due to close proximity to BP and subclavian a.

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24
Q

11th and 12th rib

A

Only possess single facet on head
NO tubercle or neck
Do not attach to sternum

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25
Q

Transmits spinal cord

A

vertebral foramen

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26
Q

Superior articular process articulates with

A

inferior articular process of the vertebral segment above

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27
Q

7 types of synovial joints

A 
Planar
Ginglymus
Trochoid
Condylar
Sellar
Spheroidal
Compound synovial
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28
Q

4 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Schindylesis
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

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29
Q

2 types of cartilagenous joints

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

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30
Q

Planar joint

A

flat, arthrodial, non-axial gliding

ex. AC joint

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31
Q

Ginglymus joint

A

hinge, uniaxial

ex. humeroulnar joint

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32
Q

Trochoid joint

A

pivot, unaxial, rotation

ex. atlantoaxial joint

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33
Q

Condylar joint

A

one or two concave surfaces articulationg with one or two convex surfaces, biaxial
ex. MCP joint

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34
Q

Sellar joint

A

saddle, both surfaces are convex and concave, biaxial

ex. carpometacarpal joint

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35
Q

Spheroidal joint

A

ball and socket, triaxial, allowing circumduction in all three planes
ex. femoroacetabular joint

36
Q

Compound synovial joint

A

any combination of other synovial joints

37
Q

4 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Schindylesis
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

38
Q

Sutures

A

Fibrous joint
Interlocked bone
ex. skull sutures

39
Q

Schindylesis

A

Fibrous joint
Tongue-in-groove
eg. vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone into the nasal crest

40
Q

Gomphosis

A

Fibrous joint
Peg in socket
ex. dental joint

41
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Fibrous joint
bone-ligament-bone
ex. radioulnar joint

42
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

43
Q

Cartilatinous joints

A

Amphiarthrosis

characterized by bone, cartilage, bone

44
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Primary cartilagenous joints
Characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions of hyaline cartilage, usually between the diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone
Ex. epiphyseal plate

45
Q

Symphysis

A

Secondary cartilagenous joints
Characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by fibrocartilage
ex. intervertebral disc

46
Q

Manubriosternal

A

Symphysis
Sternal angle
2nd costal notch

47
Q

Xiphisternal

A

Synchondrosis
Inferior limit of the thorax
7th costal notch

48
Q

Sternocostal

A

Junction of costal cartilages with sternum
Rib 1 - synchondrosis
2-7 - synovial planar

49
Q

Type of sternocostal joint at rib one

A

Synchrondrosis

50
Q

Type of sternocostal at ribs 2-7

A

Synovial planar

51
Q

2 sternocostal ligaments

A

Anterior radiate sternocostal l.

Posterior radiate sternocostal l.

52
Q

3 costovertebral ligaments

A

Radiate l.
Intraarticular l.
Articular capsule

53
Q

Head of rib articulates with

A

The inferior costal facet of the superior numeric thoracic and the superior costal facet of the same numeric thoracic vertebral segment
Ex. Rib 6 articulates with T5 inferior costal facet and T6 superior costal facet

54
Q

What type of joint is costotransverse?

A

Synovial planar

55
Q

2 ligaments with costotransverse joints

A

Lateral costotransverse l.

Superior costotransverse l.

56
Q

2 forms of movement at the costovertebral joint

A

Both fxn to increase the thoracic volume, thereby decreasing thoracic pressure producing inspiration

  1. Bucket handle movement
  2. Pump handle movement
57
Q

Bucket handle movement

A

At costovertebral joint

Elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax

58
Q

Pump handle movement

A

At costovertebral joint

Elevation of the sternal end of the rib, increasing anterior to posterior diameter of the thoracic

59
Q

Costochondral

A

Articulation between the ribs and costal cartilages

Synchondrosis

60
Q

Dislocation of ribs

A

Happens at sternocostal joint

61
Q

Separation of ribs

A

Happens at costochondral joint

62
Q

Interchondral joint

A

Between 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9 costal cartilages - planar synovial

Between 9/10 - fibrous joint

63
Q

Type of interchondral joint between 6/7, 7/8. 8/9

A

Planar synovial

64
Q

Type of interchondral joint between 9/10

A

Fibrous joint

65
Q

Thoracic vertebral joints - Intervertebral joint type

A

Symphysis

66
Q

Thoracic vertebral joints - zygopophyseal joint type

A

Planar symphysis

67
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Pale yellow fibers that travel on ventral surface of vertebral laminae, inside the vertebral canal

68
Q

Interspinous l.

A

between adjacent spinous processes

69
Q

Intertransverse l.

A

transverse to transvers

exist as fibrous cords in the thoracic region

70
Q

Supraspinous l.

A

Most posterior

Travels on the dorsal surface of the spinous processes

71
Q

IVD

A

Annulus fibrosis - tough outer region

Nucleus pulposus - gelatinous

72
Q

The only intercostal m. for elevate ribs

A

External intercostal m.

73
Q

External intercostal m.

A

11 pair

Anteriorly m. fibers are replace by membrane that overlays the internal intercostal m.

74
Q

External intercostal m. fxn

A

Elevate ribs - inspiration

75
Q

Internal intercostal m.

A

11 pairs
Posteriorly m. fibers are replaced by internal intercostal membrane which is visible in the posterior mediastinum and immediately lateral to vertebral column.

76
Q

Fxn internal intercostal m.

A

Depress ribs

*interchondral part elevates ribs

77
Q

What innervates all of the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal n.

78
Q

Innermost intercostal m.

A

11 pair.
The deepest fibers of the internal intercostal m. separated from the internal intercostal m. by the intercostal n. and vessels

79
Q

Fxn of innermost intercostal m.

A

Undetermined, probably same as internal intercostal m. because muscle fibers go same direction

80
Q

Thoracentisis

A

Insertion of hypodermic needle through intercostal m. to get fluid sample or drain small ants of blood or fluid from pleural cavity.
Inserted between ribs inferior to the intercostal neuromuscular bundle, superior to the collateral branches

81
Q

Insertion of chest tube

A

Insertion of a tube to remove large ants of air, blood, fluid or pus from pleural cavity. Typically 5 or 6th intercostal space

82
Q

Thoroscopy

A

Insertion of a horoscope into the pleural cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the pleural cavity

83
Q

2 Internal thoracic wall muscles

A

Transverse thoracic m

84
Q

Transverse thoracic m.

A

Right behind the sternum

Depress ribs

85
Q

Subcostal m.

A

Typically appear over the innermost intercostal m. on the internal surface of the post thoracic wall, near the angles of the ribs
Probably fxn as the internal intercostal m. - depress ribs

Cardiopulmonary I (34 decks)

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