F - Acid-Base Interpretation - Karius

Question 1

If the respiratory system is compromised how will pH be brought back to normal?

Answer 1

Kidneys

-DCT/CD are about to secrete HCO3 or H+

Question 2

If you are respiratory acidotic, what is released into blood and urine?

Answer 2

H+ into urine
HCO3 into blood
-this will increase plasma bicarbonate levels

Question 3

If you are respiratory alkalotic, what is released into blood and urine?

Answer 3

HCO3 into urine
H+ into blood
-will decrease plasma bicarbonate levels

Question 4

If metabolism is compromised and pH changes, what system will bring pH back to normal?

Answer 4

Respiratory system

• this will occur via chemoreceptors
• peripheral - aortic arch, carotid

Question 5

If there is an increase in H+ in the blood (decreased pH) what will happen to ventilation and PaCO2?

Answer 5

Ventilation will increase to blow off more CO2

This will reduce PaCO2 and bring pH back up

Question 6

If there is an decrease in H+ in the blood (increased pH) what will happen to ventilation and PaCO2?

Answer 6

Ventilation will decrease to retain more CO2. This will increase PaCO2 and bring pH back down

Question 7

If respiratory disturbance what two things change?

Answer 7

CO2 and pH change in the opposite direction

Question 8

If metabolic disturbance what two things change?

Answer 8

HCO3 and pH change in the same direction

Question 9

What is the rule of thumb to determine if the problem is acute or chronic?

Answer 9

Look to the other system to answer the question

Question 10

Acute respiratory acidosis equation

Answer 10

Expected HCO3 = 24 + (CO2 -40/10)

Question 11

Chronic respiratory acidosis equation

Answer 11

Expected HCO3 = 24 + 4(CO2 - 40/10)

Question 12

Metabolic acidosis equation

Answer 12

Expected CO2 = 1.5(HCO3) + 8+-2

Question 13

What can change HCO3?

Answer 13

Kidneys -
GI tract - can lose HCO3 from V/D
Too many Tums
***Can use it up making acid you hadn’t planned to —> Lactic acid, ketoacids

Question 14

Anion Gap equation

Answer 14

Na - Cl- - HCO3-

Question 15

What is the normal anion gap?

Answer 15

< or equal to 12

Question 16

What 3 chemicals are possibly present with an elevated anion gap?

Answer 16

Diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation or alcoholic ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis
Salicylates (asa)

Question 17

Metabolic alkalosis equation

Answer 17

CO2 = (0.5 to 1.0) Change in HCO3

Question 18

Normal value of pH

Answer 18

7.4

Question 19

Normal PaCO2

Answer 19

40

Question 20

Normal HCO3

Answer 20

24