Psychological Disorders Part 2 Flashcards
list 6 types of therapy
1) psychodynamic
2) Freudian
3) Family/Systems
4) Psychosurgery
5) Psychopharmacotherapy
6) cognitive/behavioural
psychoanalysis
a method of psychotherapy developed by freud that emphasizes the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts
2 types of psychoanalysis
free association and dream analysis
resistance
when treatment brings up unconscious material that the client wishes to avoid, and the client engages in strategies for keeping the information out of conscious awareness
transference
when clients direct the emotional experiences that they are reliving toward the therapist rather than toward the original person involved in the experience (e.g, parents)
humanist therapy
based on the assumption that people seek self-actualization and self-fulfillment
- emphasizes peoples feelings and thoughts in the present moment, not past conflicts
client-centred (nondirective) therapy
- developed by carl rogers
- focuses on individuals ability to solve their own problems and reach their full potential
family therapy
probelms develop in the context of family and are sustained by the dynamics of the family; any changes made will affect all members of the family
psychogsurgery
any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviour
lobotomies
-Jacobsen et al. found that removing the frontal lobes of a chimpanzee made the animal friendly and mellow
psycopharmacotherapy
the use of drugs to attempt to manage or reduce a clients symptoms
behavioural therapy
based on the principles of conditioning and assumes that human behaviour is learned and can be unlearned
cognitive-behavioural therapy
seeks to improve peoples functioning by changing how they thing and what they believe about situations
mindfullness-based cognitive therapy
cognitive-behavioural therapy combiend with minfulness training
true or false: individuals who take antidepessants without learning to cope with problems are more likely to relapse
true
personality disorders
particularly unusual patterns of behaviour that are maladaptive, distressing to oneself or others and resistant to change
are personality disorders easy or hard to treat?
personality disorders are difficult to treat
description of cluster A personality disorders
odd/eccentric
3 cluster A personality disorders
1) paranoid
2) schizoid
3) Schizotypal
Paranoid Personality Disorder
a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others motives are interpreted as malevolent
schizoid personality disorder
a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
schizotypal personality disorder
a pattern of acute discomfort in social relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour
description of cluster B personality disorders
dramatic/erratic
4 cluster B personality disorders
1) Antisocial
2) borderline
3) Histrionic
4) Narcissistic
borderline personality disorder
a disorder characterized by intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity and difficult social relationships
P.R.A.I.S.E (borderline personality disorder)
P - paranoid ideas
R - relationship instability
A - Angry outbursts, affective instability, abandonment feats
I - impulsive behaviour, identity disturbance
S - suicidal behaviour
E - emptiness
causes of Borderline personality disorder
- genetics
- abusive or neglectful parenting
- brain abnormalities related to aggression and emotional regulation
borderline personality disorder is sometimes treated with _________
dialectical behavioural therapy (individual cognitive therapy)
Narcissistic Personality disorder
a disorder characterized by an inflated sens of self-important and an exessive need for attention and admiration, as well as intense self-doubt and fear of abandonment
histrionic personality disorder
a disorder characterized by excessive attention seeking and dramatic behaviour
Antisocial Personality Disorder (psychopathy)
disorder characterized by:
1) a profound lack of empathy or emotional connection with others
2) a disregard for others rights or preferences
3) a tendency toward inserting their own desires, ogten violently onto others regardless of the consequences for others
Antisocial personality disorder occurs in __% of all males and __% of all females
3% males and 1% females
DSM criteria for APD
Must have 3 of these criteria:
- repeatedly break the law
- deceitful, using aliases and lies to con others
- impulsive and unable to plan ahead
- repeatedly get into physical fights or assaults
- show reckless disregard for own safety or that of others
- irresposnible, failing to meet obligations to others
- lack remorse for actions that harm others
causes of APD
1) biological vulnerability
2) stressful experiences
comorbidity
the presence of 2 disorders simultaneously
description of cluster c personality
anxious/fearful
3 cluster c personality disorders
1) avoidant
2) dependent
3) obsessive-compulsive
avoidant personality disorder
a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
dependent personality disorder
a pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
dissociative disorder
a category of mental disorders characterized by a split between conscious awareness from feeling, cognition, memory and identity
3 types of dissociative disorder
1) dissociative fugue
2) dissociative amnesia
3) depersonalization disorder
dissociative fugue
a period of profound autobiographical memory loss
dissociative amnesia
a severe loss of memory, usually for a specific stressful event, when no biological cause for amnesia is present
depersonalization disorder
a strong sense of the surreal, the feeling that one is not connected to ones body, the feeling of disconnection from ones regular identity and awareness
dissociative identity disorder/ multiple personality disorder
when a person experiences a split in identity such that they feel different aspects of themselves as though they were separated from each other
